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偏是相思相見難--楊宛《鍾山獻詞》析論

Lovesickness Is Difficult, To Meet Is More Difficult-Study On Yang Wan's Zhongshanshin Cishi Poetry

摘要


楊宛(約1612-1644),字宛叔,晚明金陵伎,工詩詞書畫。16歲嫁武將茅元儀為侍詔,茅元儀愛其才,以殊禮遇之,但楊宛卻不能忠於與茅元儀的情感,多外遇。茅元儀過世後,楊宛又歸國戚田弘遇,但田氏僅以老婢子待之。甲申(1644)之難田弘遇已死,楊宛又謀奔劉東平。因當時金陵城已陷,只能化為丐婦伺機而行,後終遭盜賊殺害。楊宛現存詞作56首,是晚明眾多才色兼備的江南名伎中唯一留下完整詞集的人,可視為同時代伎女詞的代表。本文從內容、社會意義與審美風格等方面來探討楊宛的詞作,並以現保存楊宛詞作最完整的《明詞彙刊》本《鍾山獻詩餘》汰其重出者為研究範圍。發現楊宛詞以愛情為主要內容,包含兩情相悅的企求、情愛相思的纏綿與傷離傷別的惆悵。楊宛詞作表現伎女的身世遭遇,反映晚明士伎相親的文化及對「存理滅欲」的反動則具有深切的社會意義。在審美風格上則以誠摯率直為基調,另外因長時期與文士相往來,故亦有「言婉思深」的別格出現。楊宛詞作受限於其本身的識見與修養,在整體成就上無法與同時代的閨秀詞相提並論,但其以淺白質樸,不假雕飾的語言直述內心的點滴感受,在理解晚明獨樹一格的名伎文化與社會現象上,仍具有一定程度的意義與價值。

並列摘要


Yang Wan(1612-1644) was the famous prostitute in the Declining Years of the Ming Dynasty. She excelled at the poetry calligraphy and painting. She married to Mao Yuani when she was 16 years old. He extremely respected her, but she betrayed him. When he dead, she wanted to marry the other man. She was killed by the robbers in 1644. There are 56 Cishi-poems in her Cishi poetry. Her work is on behalf of the prostitutes of the same time. The study separately from the content, the social meaning and the esthetic style to discuss Yang Wan's Cishi poetry. Love is the primary coverage of Yang Wan's Cishi poetry. And it has deeply social meaning. Understood sincerely is the Basic style of Yang Wan's Cishi poetry. Yang Wan's achievement is unable to meet as an equal with the demure excellent poets of the same time. But it is helpful to understand the famous prostitute culture.

參考文獻


楊宛(1992)。明詞彙刊:鍾山獻詩餘。上海:上海古籍出版社。
(2004)。全明詞:楊宛詞。北京:中華書局。
金啓華編(1993)。唐宋詞集序跋匯編。臺北:臺灣商務印書館。
唐圭璋編(1988)。詞話叢編。臺北:新文豐出版公司。
致新主編(2004)。歷代小品性靈。武漢:崇文書局。

被引用紀錄


汪德方(2015)。明清易代之際女遺民形象的書寫與建構〔碩士論文,國立臺灣大學〕。華藝線上圖書館。https://doi.org/10.6342/NTU.2015.01019

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