中國鈸的歷史及其形制之研究

中國由於地大物博，歷史悠遠，因此其樂器種類可謂包羅萬象，且從古至今打擊樂器始終於各地人們的生活中盛行不衰。在這些眾多不同類別的樂器中，鈸類樂器是屬於較常見的中國打擊樂器族群，且這類樂器又以鐃、鈸、鑔三種不同的形制同時或分別出現在中國大多數的樂種之中。可見，鈸在中國眾多打擊樂器中實占有相當重要的地位。「鈸」是一種歷史悠久、分布廣泛的世界性樂器，據考古資料證明，這一樂器起源於大約距今四千多年前的西亞一帶，之後逐漸東傳，再經印度、中亞然後才傳至中國。據此可知，中國的鈸應為外來樂器。本文以中國鈸的歷史及其形制為主要研究對象，其中歷史部分包括：鈸在中國之歷史溯源及其發展等；形制部分包括：鈸器形制及其製作等項目。期望本文能對樂界與學界提供更多相關的研究資料及貢獻。

關鍵字

鐃；鈸；鑔

並列摘要

As China is a gigantic country rich in history, tradition and culture, the percussion instruments have been found in its people's daily life from ancient until present times. Therefore, their types are various and extremely different. Among the percussion instruments, the most common category of Chinese percussion instrument includes the types of cymbal, which are divided in three forms categories: Nao, Ba and Cha. Chinese music featured a great abundance of these percussion instruments. This means cymbal occupies an important place in the Chinese percussion instruments. This old music instrument is now well known worldwide. According to the historical data, this instrument made its early appearance about four thousand years ago in the West of Asia, spreading from the East to India, Central Asia and China. This article considers the history of the Chinese cymbal and its forms as the leading object of study. The content of historical part includes an explication of the historical tracing and development. The part relating to instrument shapes includes the shapes of Luo instruments and the manufacture. We hope this study will provide a more related research material and making further contributions in the field of education and academic circles.