論佛教文化對於中國戲曲形成之影響

Buddhist Culture's Impact on the Development of Chinese Opera

孫玫(Sun Mei)

《夏荊山藝術論衡》 5期 (2018/03) Pp. 9-20

摘要

大多數研究中國戲曲的學者都認為，中國本土原生的戲劇源頭可以一直追溯到遠古時代，但是中國成熟的戲劇即戲曲，則是直到宋元時期才正式形成。中國戲曲的史前期之所以如此之長，是因為中國的敍事文學長期欠發達。從漢代開始，佛教作為一種異質文化，逐漸深刻地影響了中國人的精神世界，也大大地刺激了中國人想像力的發展。就文學藝術而言，中國中古文學藝術的面目為之一變，變得豐富多彩、神奇絢麗，一派新的氣象。尤其是佛教的傳播直接刺激了講唱藝術的繁盛，唐代講唱文學空前大發展。這一切都為其後戲劇文學的出現，鋪平了道路。而戲劇文學的出現，則使得中國原本就歷史悠久的演劇活動，脫離了相對簡單的狀態，進入了相對複雜的時期，從而標誌著中國戲曲的正式形成。

關鍵字

佛教影響 ； 講唱文學 ； 戲曲形成 ； 跨文化研究

並列摘要

Majority of Chinese opera scholars believe that indigenous Chinese theatrical arts could all be traced back to the ancient times, but the genre didn’t mature and officially become Chinese opera till Song and Yuan dynasties. The reason that the pre-historical period of Chinese opera was so long is because of the lack of development with narrative literature in China. Starting in the Han dynasty, Buddhism, a form of heterogeneous culture, was gradually casting profound impacts in the spiritual world of the Chinese people and greatly inspiring people’s imagination. In the area of literary art, ancient Chinese literary art began to take on new changes and became more diverse and vibrant, taking over by a new wave that was spectacular and splendid. The spread of Buddhism also directly stimulated the development of prosimetric arts, and the art form greatly thrived in the Tang dynasty. This paved the way for the later emergence of drama literature. The emergence of drama literature pushed the originally extensive performing arts activities in China away from their originally simple state, propelling them into a comparatively more complex time, marking the official development of Chinese opera.

並列關鍵字

Impact of Buddhism ； prosimetric literature ； opera development ； cross-cultural studies