博物館視障服務研究－－以國立臺灣美術館「非視覺探索計畫」為例

Museum Service for the Visually Impaired: A Case Study on the Non-Visual Exploration Activities by the National Taiwan Museum of Fine Arts

吳麗娟(Li-Chuan WU)

《博物館與文化》 12期 (2016/12) Pp. 65-103

摘要

歐美國家的博物館從百年前即有致力於「所有人」的文化參與平權作為，以更活潑多樣的感知學習策略和更鬆綁開放的友善服務措施，依據各類型身心障礙者的特殊需求提供切合需要的館內外服務活動。臺灣博物館社群近十幾年來，從典範文獻的研究與館際實務的交流，也學習到許多，「友善平權服務」已然成為新世紀博物館教育推廣的新主張。然而在一般觀眾的認知上，美術館仍是視覺藝術展覽的殿堂，「請勿越線」與「請勿觸摸」的告示標語儼然就是美術館的左右護法，提醒觀眾一踏進美術館，心態上就必須有不可褻玩焉的準備。這個概念下的美術館，對視障者而言卻仍像是咫尺天涯不得其門而入的另一個世界。本文整理討論國內外博物館的視障服務活動及其類型，並分享國立臺灣美術館近三年來在有限的經費與建築空間改善限制下，發展出「以人為本」（以友善的人力服務取勝）、以切合視障民眾需求，且符合現實可行的視障服務計畫——「非視覺探索計畫」之實施成效，提供國內博物館教育人員參考。

關鍵字

博物館視障服務 ； 美術館教育 ； 口述影像觸摸導覽 ； 非視覺探索計畫

並列摘要

For a century or so, museums in European and North American countries have dedicated themselves to the democratization of culture. As part of this commitment, museums have been making tremendous efforts in developing perpetual learning programs that are appealing to diverse visitors, including creating a more accessible and friendly environment to visitors of special needs. Inspired and influenced by this tradition through both research and hands-on experience of professional practice, Taiwan's museum communities have, in the past decades, gradually adopted this new paradigm. ＂Providing equal access to all＂ has become the underlying philosophy that informs museum practice and education of the present century, with the exception of art museums. Art museums have been traditionally regarded as a palace for exhibiting visual arts. Whenever visiting the art museum, the general public is often warned off from ever touching or getting anywhere near the exhibited works. Such conventions eventually give rise to the widely held stereotype of the art museum as an aloof, unwelcoming institution. As far as the blind or visually impaired individuals are concerned, this kind of art museums has hardly ever opens to them. This research lays out an overview of the types of services for the blind and visually impaired provided by art museums both domestically and internationally. It also shares the first-hand experience of the National Taiwan Museum of Fine Arts (NAMoFA), which has been designated by the Ministry of Culture as the demonstration museum for the blind and visually impaired. It documents how, in the last three years, NAMoFA has overcome the challenges its limits such as budget constraints and museum spatial planning, in its ongoing efforts to engineer a Non-Visual Exploration Project- a practical program in a realistic project-setting aiming at providing facilities and services to make the art museum accessible and friendly to blind and visually impaired visitors.

並列關鍵字

museum services for the visually impaired ； art museum education ； audio description guide ； Non-Visual Exploration Project