臺灣客家文化館舍的發展與脈絡分析

The Development of Hakka Museums in Taiwan

劉堉珊(Yu-Shan Liu)

《博物館與文化》 16期 (2018/12) Pp. 23-46

摘要

本文最重要的目的，在梳理臺灣客家文化館舍（包括文物館、文化館、文化園區等）的發展及其歷史情境、政策脈絡與社會過程。文章前半部分別從客家族群意識的崛起、族群身份的制度化，以及國家文化與地方政策的發展，呈現客家館舍出現的文化社會背景，以理解「客家」議題在政策、族群意識發展與地方實踐中的處境。後半部則聚焦客家文化館舍發展的四個時期，探討作用於其中的文化情境、社會過程及其型態與功能性質的轉變。最後，本文重新了梳理嵌合在客家館舍發展中的族群、政策與地方關係，並試圖提出客家（類）博物館（包括文物／館、文化園區、社區聚落或更大的族群展示空間，如客家生活圈、客家文化廊帶）所應扮演的社會角色。

關鍵字

客家博物館 ； 地方文化館 ； 文化園區 ； 客家性 ； 地方意識

並列摘要

The aim of this paper is to understand the development of Hakka museums in Taiwan, including artificial exhibition halls, cultural halls, cultural parks, etc. It looks into the contexts of state policies and social processes which provided meanings to the identity of Hakka and affected the ways Hakka culture is (and should be) presented. The first half of the article explores Hakka movements in Taiwan since the 1980s, during which time a lot of social movements, including indigenous rights and local rights movements, were also happening. These movements finally pushed the state government to recognize the equal cultural, political and social rights of different ethnic groups, including Hakka. The Council for Hakka Affairs was set up in 2001, marking the beginning of new era for Hakka. Since then, state policies and resources have been channeled into Hakka areas, setting the foundation for many Hakka cultural halls, artificial exhibition halls, and cultural parks. The development of these Hakka museums provided us with the opportunity to understand how Taiwanese society changed, and how the state and people dealt with concepts of ethnicity and local identity in different periods.

並列關鍵字

Hakka museum ； local cultural hall ； cultural park ； Hakka ethnicity ； local identity