透過原住民博物館爭取困難遺產的公衆記憶

Contesting Public Memory of Difficult Heritage through Indigenous Museums

黃郁倫(Yulun Huang)

《博物館與文化》 17期 (2019/06) Pp. 71-92

摘要

強調真相還原、歷史見證與直視歷史傷痛等陳述詞彙，近年來悄然地由原住民行動者、抗爭者及研究者的陳述中，進入了原住民博物館的展覽敘事裡。本研究指出，透過原住民博物館或原住民主題展覽，以爭取觀眾對於原住民族曾經歷的難以面對的過往－所謂的困難遺產－之公眾記憶，是近年的轉變與趨勢之一。這樣的現象，零星卻不停地出現在包括臺灣在內的墾殖民國家；筆者認為此轉變與趨勢，與紀念博物館蓬勃發展所引發的焦慮有關，與記憶多向性的特質有關，也與原住民博物館發展歷程所遭遇的瓶頸有關，是原住民族為尋求實質和解而非展演和解所另闢的新途徑。不過困難遺產之所以困難，是因為它不只撩撥觀看者的情緒，也二度擾動與召喚被再現者的情感、思緒、記憶，甚至是極力抗拒的汙名認同。因此即便在博物館中，這樣的敘事策略能正視傷痛進而療癒傷痛，但仍具敏感與爭議。博物館作為實踐的場域，它的發展與變動總是回應或反映著時代思潮，而在我們所處的紀念化時代潮流下，原住民博物館或原住民主題展覽，是否因此邁入新的發展歷程與階段，是筆者所欲提出的討論。

關鍵字

展覽敘事 ； 原住民博物館 ； 困難遺產 ； 紀念

並列摘要

Emphasis on the restoration of truth, testimony and historical trauma have become increasingly visible in the museum exhibitions of Indigenous Peoples, especially in various settler-colonial countries including Taiwan. This paper examines this approach of contesting public memory of difficult heritage through Indigenous museums and exhibitions in Taiwan. I argue that this trend is related not only to the ＂global rush to commemorate atrocities through memorial museums＂ and ＂multidirectionality of memory＂ identified by Michael Rothberg, but also pertains to the bottlenecks Indigenous museums have encountered. Through this trend, Indigenous Peoples are expecting a real, non-preforming reconciliation. Therefore, since methods of curating Indigenous cultures have shifted in response to ideologies that change over time, this paper suggests that in current times of memorialization, there is a possibility of Indigenous museum developing and launching a new trajectory that was previously overlooked and underestimated.

並列關鍵字

exhibition narrative ； indigenous museum ； difficult heritage ； memorial