百利普芬、布芬淨與賜派滅3種昆蟲生長調節劑對菸草粉蝨卵期之毒效探討

Inhibition Effects of Insect Growth Regulators Pyriproxyfen, Buprofezin, and Spirotetramat on Egg Hatching of Bemisia tabaci (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae)

林映秀(Ying-Shiou Lin) ； 吳佩玲(Pei-Ling Wu)

《臺灣農藥科學》 10期 (2021/06) Pp. 77-89

https://doi.org/10.6671/TPS.202106_(10).04

摘要

菸草粉蝨（Bemisiatabaci（Gennadius））是農業重要小型害蟲，對於溫室產業造成重大威脅，目前在化學防治上主要針對成蟲期，但因成蟲喜棲於中、下位葉之葉背，藥劑不易觸及，且近年氣候變遷，氣溫攀升，造成族群繁衍速度增加，提升防治難度。為強化田間管理力道，農民對具殺卵功能之殺蟲劑種類與防治技術需求日殷。故就百利普芬、布芬淨與賜派滅等3種昆蟲生長調節劑，以葉片浸漬法測試對菸草粉蝨卵孵化之影響，希瞭解供試藥劑之作用特性，並據以調整田間用藥技術。生物檢定結果，百利普芬處理孵化率為0，抑制效果佳，布芬淨處理為93.7%，未呈現抑制卵孵化之現象。在藥劑殘留效果對1日齡卵孵化影響，百利普芬處理後10天內的孵化率為1.3～9.4%，抑制卵孵化效果佳，賜派滅處理孵化率為67.4～96.0%，與對照組（85.7～97.1%）除處理後第3天外，均無顯著差異。對不同日齡粉蝨卵孵化率之影響，百利普芬處理之1至3日齡卵孵化率為0，而4至5日齡卵分別為28.3與65.7%，顯示對初齡卵抑制效果較佳，布芬淨與賜派滅處理則無抑制卵孵化之作用。綜上，百利普芬不論在「預防性施藥」或「治療性施藥」模式下，均具抑制卵孵化效果，並以「預防性施藥」對作物生產之保護效果更佳。

關鍵字

昆蟲生長調節劑 ； 百利普芬 ； 布芬淨 ； 賜派滅 ； 粉蝨 ； 抑制卵孵化

並列摘要

The tobacco whitefly, Bemisia tabaci, is a common small insect pest in agriculture that also causes a significant threat to the greenhouse industry. At present, insecticides primarily target the adult stage of whiteflies. However, adult whiteflies prefer to live on the back of middle and lower leaves, which makes them hard to reach by pesticides. Climate change has also increased the whitefly reproduction rate, and pest control in the field is now much more difficult than before. Accordingly, both insecticides and control techniques that feature egg-killing functions are needed to improve the field management of whiteflies. In this study, we investigated the action characteristics and field application techniques of three insect growth regulators (IGRs), pyriproxyfen, buprofezin and spirotetramat, by studying (1) an inhibition assay of egg hatching, (2) residual effects of IGRs on one-day-old eggs, and (3) hatching rates of eggs at different ages. Results showed that egg-hatching rates were completely inhibited by pyriproxyfen, while no egg hatching inhibition was observed in the buprofezin treatment and blank control. In investigating ＂residual effects of IGRs on one-day-old eggs＂, we found that, from 0- to 10- days after treatment with pyriproxyfen, the egg-hatching rate ranged from 1.3 to 9.4%, with no significant differences by ANOVA (p = 0.6959). These results suggest that, after 10 days, pyriproxyfen residue still possessed the ability to inhibit the hatching of whitefly eggs. For spirotetramat and blank control, the hatching rates were 67.4~96.0% and 85.7~97.1%, respectively, and there were no significant differences between the spirotetramat treatment and blank control, except for the 3rd day after spirotetramat application (p = 0.0124). In investigating effects of IGRs on the ＂hatching rates of eggs at different ages＂ we found that, when treated with pyriproxyfen, the hatching rate of 1- to 3-day-old eggs was 0%, while that of 4- to 5-day-old eggs were 28.3 and 65.7%, respectively. These results indicate that pyriproxyfen was more effective at inhibiting the hatching of 1- to 3-day-old eggs. There were no significant differences among buprofezin, spirotetramat and blank control with regard to the egg-hatching rate of whiteflies at different ages. In summary, pyriproxyfen showed the best inhibition effects on whitefly egg hatching among the three tested IGRs in terms of both ＂preventive application＂ and ＂therapeutic application＂. Conversely, buprofezin did not inhibit whitefly egg hatching. Results of this study should be useful to farmers who wish to improve whitefly control techniques in the field.

並列關鍵字

Insect growth regulator ； pyriproxyfen ； buprofezin ； spirotetramat ； whitefly ； inhibition of egg hatching