游移在社區營造與觀光之間──以劉興欽漫畫暨發明展覽館為例

為了解決內灣地區因商圈觀光化發展，而造成的傳統歷史文化空間與生活脈絡脫節的問題，新竹縣九讚頭文化協會將社區營造運動擴展至社區博物館之建立，期望藉由設立劉興欽漫畫暨發明展覽館，落實社區總體營造的精神，並嘗試改善內灣過度商業化的環境，為其注入人文藝術氣息。以建立「內灣漫畫村」為初始目標的漫畫館，為具有社區博物館概念之地方自發性成立的博物館，企圖成為延伸社區互動與對話的平臺。但在九讚頭文化協會參與漫畫館規劃經營的過程中，漫畫館如何自給自足成了首要挑戰，這樣的挑戰也促成了漫畫館的經營日益趨向觀光發展，並與地方商圈形成競爭關係，使其游移在社區營造與觀光之間。究竟漫畫館是如何轉換社區營造的成果，並與社區博物館的理念結合？而漫畫館又如何透過文化觀光的途徑，嘗試在社區互動與觀光之間取得平衡？本文以文獻回顧、參與觀察和訪談等研究方法，將漫畫館設立與經營的歷程概分為以下三期：一、呈現社區總體營造的精華；二、觀光發展與展示專業化；三、社區營造與文化觀光並進期。藉此個案思考社區營造團隊如何透過打造社區博物館來延續社區總體營造之理念，並深入探討社區博物館與觀光之間的矛盾、競合及其所面臨的挑戰與轉折。

關鍵字

社區營造；社區博物館；觀光；文化觀光

並列摘要

To solve the problem of the deterioration of historical and cultural spaces and environment in Neiwan caused by the overdevelopment of tourism resources, the Jiuzantou Cultural Association of Hsinchu County established a community museum. The purpose of this museum, which is devoted to Liu Xing-Qin's comics and inventions, is to create the ＂Neiwan comics village＂. It was planned and established by a local team in an attempt to build a platform for community interaction and dialogue. However, in the process, maintenance of the museum became the primary challenge. Consequently, this association started to develop this museum for tourism which led to a competitive relationship with the surrounding commercial area. Therefore, the museum has been oscillating between community empowerment and tourism. How can this comics museum transform the achievements of community empowerment efforts into the concept of the community museum? How can a balance be struck between community interaction and cultural tourism? In this study, literature review, participant observation and interviews were conducted. The author divided the course of establishment and operation of the comics museum into the following three periods: presenting the essence of community empowerment; developing tourism and exhibition professionalism; and simultaneously advancing community empowerment and cultural tourism. Through this case study, it is expected that a better understanding of how a team of people focused on community empowerment can extend their ideals by establishing a community museum will be gained. In addition, the challenges, conflicts and competition between community museum and tourism are highlighted and analyzed.