從社會網絡觀點論博物館網絡核心角色

合作策略在商業或非營利事業組織扮演重要的角色，而博物館營運亦不例外。本研究以社會網絡的觀點，探究博物館網絡間取得控制資源及協調運作的核心組織屬性。研究使用半結構式的訪談，研究對象分屬不同的機構類型及公私立博物館，共計19位受訪者。結果顯示館舍在網絡中的位置將影響控制資源的能力，而此能力可以中心性的概念呈現，程度中心性愈高的館舍在網絡中與較多館舍有所連結，其影響力也較大。中介中心性程度較高者，引導網絡的資訊機會就越高，表示在網絡的資訊流通上占有重要角色。研究發現，我國與其他國家在博物館網絡推動上有所差異。國外博物館網絡的建構，程度中心性與中介中心性程度高的核心館舍均由擁有資源的大型博物館擔任；但在國內雖有許多網絡由大型館舍扮演核心角色，但亦有許多是委由「輔導團」擔任，此型態是效果最不彰的合作網絡型態之一。輔導團與社會網絡理論背道而馳，此中介組織事實上並不存在於原有的博物館社會網絡，弱化博物館網絡運作績效。同時，這個具有高度中介中心性的組織若消失，將會導致博物館網絡裂解成不相連的小網絡，影響網絡運作甚鉅。

關鍵字

博物館合作網絡；博物館政策

並列摘要

Networks play an important role in both the private and nonprofit sectors, and the museum sector is no exception. This research uses social network theory to explore the control and coordination of resources within museum networks. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with 19 practitioners from both public and private museums. The findings show that a museum's position within the network affects the amount of power it has within the network. The more degree centrality of the core a museum has, the more power it has. The more betweenness centrality of the core a museum has, the more opportunity it has to lead the network. The results of this research indicate that in other countries most core museums which have degree centrality or betweenness centrality are large museums. In Taiwan, this case also holds true, but counselling groups play a vital role in museum networks. The counselling group does not exist within the original museum network, making it difficult for museums to form strong ties. Moreover, once the counselling group completes its task and leaves the museum network, the network is likely to collapse.