我國公立博物館委外特展營運管理機制之探討－以國立故宮博物院為例

過去二十幾年來，公立博物館「委託民間」辦理大型特展在臺灣蔚為風潮，國立故宮博物院也不例外，以致館方承辦人員常須周旋於「依法行政」與「商業經營」之間。本文作者發現外界對於公立博物館是否能「依法監督」委外特展之營運措施常有質疑，公私部門可能對於法令規範互有認知差異，而致館方須面對形象受損等經營困境；因而想要探討公立博物館特展委外辦理的問題。首先整理政府委外公共業務之意涵與定義，確認委外特展之業務型態。其次，彙整歷年公立博物館與民間合辦特展之指標性措施及影響，並從法規面探討本研究發現之問題。最後，以國立故宮博物院為例，透過文獻研究與作者對其委外案例之實際觀察，發現館方雖能依法辦理委外特展，但對於承包媒體經營特展之爭議作為，因監督機制不夠周全而未能有效解決問題，而解決問題之關鍵就是必須有嚴謹而周全的委外契約。

關鍵字

超級特展；業務委外；監督機制；博物館營運管理

並列摘要

Contracting out of blockbuster exhibitions by public museums in Taiwan has become a public trend over the past 20 years, and the National Palace Museum is no exception. As a result, museum staff often has to deal with legal issues and commercial-oriented business practices. There is frequent doubt expressed by the outside world as to whether public museums can effectively monitor the operation of outsourced blockbuster exhibitions according to the law. Moreover, there may be differences in the interpretation of relevant laws and regulations by public and private partners, which may result in poor museum governance and damage to the museum's reputation. The aim of this study was to explore the issues derived from the outsourcing methods adopted by public museums. Firstly, through compilation of the content and definitions of contracted public services, the business models of outsourced blockbuster exhibitions were identified. Secondly, significant indicators and impacts of blockbuster exhibitions co-organized by public museums and the private sector were reviewed to investigate the related issues from a legal standpoint. Finally, a review of the literature and analysis of the blockbuster exhibitions outsourced by the National Palace Museum were carried out. Although the National Palace Museum has contracted out blockbuster exhibitions in accordance with the law, it has failed to effectively avoid disputes with contractors due to lack of a comprehensive oversight mechanism. A rigorous and well-written contract for outsourcing of blockbuster exhibitions is recommended as the core solution.