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殖民接觸史公共化的限制－國立原住民族博物館與南島文化園區的倡設轉折與論述
Restrictions on the Publicizing of Colonial Contact History: Establishment Twists and Discourses of the National Museum of Indigenous Peoples and Austronesian Culture Park
摘要
早於前總統陳水扁二次執政，就曾經提出，殖民接觸過程對原住民造成的殖民創傷，但這問題並未成為公共議題。本文研究問題為，原住民的殖民創傷未能成為國家博物館再現重點的限制？研究範圍：一是陳水扁執政時期提出的原住民創傷論述，以及與原住民有關的國家博物館政策—南島文化園區；二是1990年代至今國立原住民族博物館與南島文化園區的倡設轉折與論述。本文不僅談殖民創傷，更是談「殖民接觸」，即我群與他者的「共存」與「共時性」；提出殖民接觸不僅是歷史經驗，也是認識論的突破；希望將「他者」的事，轉向為「我們」全體公民的事，公民的歷史認識才有機會投入到對話關係與「親密相遇」。本文先從博物館的「公共性」探討創傷記憶與國家身分的關係；並分析本具有抵抗力量的差異政治與多元文化主義，為什麼卻抑制了殖民接觸史的開展。結論為，在建立「臺灣」新國家歷史與文化身分的過程中，扁政府將「壓迫者」從「四百年殖民」轉移為「五十年威權」，中止了殖民史的反省，並轉向南島起源與文化身分；而國立原住民族博物館論述未能解構差異政治以及多元文化主義的侷限。研究貢獻為，為國立原住民族博物館論述提供文化身分之外的能動性－歷史計畫以及文化相遇。
並列摘要
During the time President Chen Shui-bian was in office, there was mention of the colonial trauma experienced by Taiwan's indigenous peoples. However, this did not become a public issue. The research question addressed in this paper is: During the democratic transition of the 2000s, why was this colonial trauma not presented in national museums? The research scope includes: (1) discourse by the Chen administration on the trauma experienced by the indigenous peoples and museum policy related to indigenous peoples and (2) establishment twists and discourses on the National Museum of Indigenous Peoples and Austronesian Culture Park from the 1990s to today. Colonial trauma, colonial contact and copresence of ethnic groups are all discussed in this paper. Based on contact zone theory, colonial contact is a historical experience, as well as an epistemological breakthrough. If affairs of ＂the other＂ become affairs of ＂ourselves＂, i.e., all citizens, public awareness of history can enter into a relationship of dialogue and ＂intimate encounter＂. By exploring the ＂publicity＂ of museums, the relationship between traumatic memory and national identity is discussed, as well as the reasons why colonial contact history has been suppressed by the politics of difference and multiculturalism. Finally, during the building of new national history and cultural identity, the Chen administration shifted the concept of ＂oppressors＂ from ＂400 years of colonial history＂ to ＂50 years of authoritarian rule＂, effectively ending reflection on colonial history and changing direction toward Austronesian origins and cultural identity. The discourse on the National Museum of Indigenous Peoples was not able to deconstruct the politics of difference (indigenous pride) and multiculturalism (beautification of indigenous peoples). The contribution of this research is that it provides alternative agencies beyond cultural identity in the discourse on the National Museum of Indigenous Peoples - historical projects and cultural encounter.
參考文獻
延伸閱讀
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