論地方文化館與社區意識和社區參與的關聯－以泰山娃娃產業文化館為例

由公部門管理的地方文化館在營運上常出現與在地溝通不足的現象，泰山娃娃產業文化館的建館則是在振興娃娃的地方文化產業願景下，經由社區參與公私協力而誕生，後因地方首長更換而發生轉折。本研究以質性研究取向個案分析法為研究方法，資料蒐集透過深度訪談和文件分析，有3個研究目的，探究：1.居民參與泰山娃娃產業文化館建館歷程及營運的經驗與看法；2.該館建館營運和社區意識及社區參與的關聯；3.地方首長對地方文化館社區參與及社區意識的影響。研究發現：1.地方文化館有助於凝聚居民的社區意識，在於它訴諸居民共同記憶和情感連結、滿足居民的需求並整合入社區未來規劃，以及積極的社區參與和正向的社會互動。民眾因參與而互動更加強了社區意識。2.地方文化館的館藏見證居民的共同歷史和願景，只有當館藏變成意義共享的符號時，才有助於凝聚社區意識，反之可能成為分化的藉口。3.社區參與使居民不只是地方文化館的訪客，而且是館藏提供者和共同經營者。反觀2006年以後因主政者不支持，志工隊涉入地方文化館的面相、程度和決策權較為限縮，社區參與失去自主性，娃娃館和社會的互動降低。4.政治人物對地方文化館的干預透過轉換願景，抽離資源和限縮志工的自主性，弱化社區參與，以致社區意識也受到削弱。

關鍵字

地方文化館；蒐藏；社區意識；社區參與；地方文創產業；泰山娃娃

並列摘要

Many government-managed local museums in Taiwan lack communication with community residents. The Taishan Doll Museum was established to promote the local cultural industry of doll making through the collaboration of local government and volunteers. However, in 2006, due to the election of a new township mayor, major changes in its operations and management were introduced. This study followed qualitative research and case study principles to conduct in-depth interviews and document analysis. The aims of this study were to explore (1) the experiences and opinions of residents regarding the construction and operation of the Taishan Doll Museum, (2) the relationships among sense of community and community participation in the construction and operation of this local museum, and (3) the influence of local political leader on these two dimensions. From the results, it was demonstrated that (1) the way the Taishan Doll Museum forged sense of community, connected to shared memory and emotions, required fulfillment of resident needs and integration of community planning, as well as positive community participation and social interaction. (2) A local museum is a testament to local history and vision, but only when it becomes a symbol of shared meaning can it arouse sense of community. (3) Community participation makes residents not only museum visitors, but also collectors and managers. After 2006, due to the policy turnover, the aspects, level of involvement and decision-making authority of volunteers were limited, and community participation was no longer autonomous. Moreover, interaction between this local museum and society was reduced. (4) The intervention of political leader decreased the sense of community, leading to weakened community participation as shared vision was renounced, resources were interrupted and autonomy of volunteers was limited.