從古典學問到現代學科－我國百年來古物審定知識變遷的歷史考察（1916-2017）

本文係探討我國百年來文化保存體制建構之始末及其階段發展。在我國文化保存體制的階段建構中，發現各現代學科曾適時地介入遊說、規劃設計，甚至主導修法，進而展現各具現代學科風味的歷史法制，即從早期的傳統古器物學，邁入戰前中國時期的現代考古學，又歷經戰後臺灣時期的建築學及人類學，再至21世紀初的多元學科專家小組。這充分顯示各現代學科協力國家文化治理的思維及用心。同時，也發現在各階段體制建構過程，無不與當下政治時局密切相關，使得北洋政府的《保存古物暫行辦法》、國民政府的《名勝古蹟古物保存條例》、《古物保存法》，以及戰後中華民國政府的《文化資產保存法》等法制，各自展現特有的政治性格，進而總結我國文化保存法制百年進程的重大特色。

關鍵字

古物；文化資產；古器物學；現代考古學；建築學；文化人類學

並列摘要

The aim of this paper is to explore the origins and development of the institutionalization of cultural heritage over a one-hundred-year period. Some modern disciplines have intervened to explain, design, and even monitor amendments to the laws and regulations governing the institutionalization of cultural heritage with influences from the early studies of ancient artifacts to modern archaeology in pre-war China, inclusion of the fields of architecture and anthropology in post-war Taiwan, and assembly of multidisciplinary teams of experts in the 21st century. This development process has involved meticulous thought and effort devoted to national cultural governance with input from various modern disciplines. Meanwhile, the different phases of institutionalization have been closely related to the ongoing political situation. Examples include the Provisional Measures Regarding the Protection of Ancient Artifacts promulgated by the Beiyang government, Historical Sites and Scenic Spots Preservation Law and Regulations Regarding Antiquities Conservation passed by the Nationalist government, and the Cultural Heritage Preservation Act announced by the Kuomintang government of the Republic of China following World War II. Each reflects the distinctive political landscape of the time and has shaped the major features of Taiwan's institutionalization of cultural heritage over a one-hundred-year period.