《詩經》教化在劉向《列女傳．賢明傳》中的運用

劉向《列女傳》在各篇故事末尾引《詩》句以強化論述，用以達成所欲宣揚或勸諫的政教目的。本文選〈賢明傳〉探索劉向如何將所引《詩》句與故事情節結合，以達成委婉言諫，使聞之者足以戒的《詩》教效用。〈賢明傳〉十五篇故事，專寫人妻之賢慧明智、樂道從善之德。各篇傳主以賢妻身分溫婉進言，或導君從善，或匡正其夫。各篇引《詩》，大都二句，偶有引一句者；如：〈周宣姜后〉篇引「威儀抑抑，德音秩秩」句，稱美姜后善容儀兼具賢德；又引「德音孔膠」句，肯定姜后委婉進諫，終使周宣王中興。引《詩》多用短句，目的在截句取義，用以衍生新義以契合所欲表達的主題。十五篇可分三大類。其一、頌美君夫人敬慎威儀，溫婉善言，導君興善。其二、士大夫之妻故訓是式，匡夫以道。其三、處士貧婦，持志不怠，安貧避害。凡此引《詩》，斷章取義，目的在托舉其教化功能的主旨。進一步評事以廣顯婦德，期許后妃仕女顯揚女德。歸結〈賢明傳〉引《詩》的運作，是可期其達成思無邪，溫柔敦厚的《詩經》教化功用。

關鍵字

《詩》教；《列女傳》；〈賢明〉；溫柔敦厚；思無邪

並列摘要

Liu Xiang's ＂Biography of Women＂ quoted ＂The Book of Songs＂ at the end of each story to strengthen the exposition, so as to achieve the purpose that he wants to promote. This article explore how Liu Xiang combines the meaning of quoted ＂The Book of Songs＂ with the plot of the story to achieve the purpose of Liu Xiang in ＂Xian Ming＂ of ＂Biography of Women＂. ＂Xian Ming＂ describes the virtues, wise, and accommodating benevolence; the purpose is to raise the main thrust of its enlightenment function. Further quoted ＂The Book of Songs＂ show important women's virtues. Each quoted ＂ The Book of Songs ＂, mostly two sentences, occasionally quoted one sentence. Quoting ＂ The Book of Songs ＂ often uses short sentences, the purpose is to intercept the sentence to obtain the meaning, to derive new meanings to fit the theme of the desired expression. The fifteen chapters are divided into three categories. The poems are quoted, and the purpose is to enumerate the main theme of its enlightenment function. Further comment on the matter to show women's virtues, and hope that concubines and ladies will show women's virtues.In summary, the operation of ＂The Book of Songs＂ quoted by ＂Xian Ming＂ is expected to achieve innocence, gentle and honest ＂Book of Songs＂ enlightenment function.