殖民地統治下水利自治的可能性和限制－以嘉南大圳組合為例（1920－1943）

Abilities of the autonomy of irrigation rights in colonial rule and its limits: A case study of the Public Chia-nan Canal Cooperative (1920-1943)

清水美里(Shimizu Misato)

《白沙歷史地理學報》 19期 (2018/12) Pp. 63-83

摘要

清朝台灣水利自治性很高，被稱為「民辦官助」。這樣的台灣水利自治性發展到殖民地統治下的臺灣，則能繼續保持那些自治性呢？在運營水利組織上，當地鄉紳階層的力量是被消滅，或是有例外？據研究，日治時代，總督府發布三種水利法：公共埤圳組合令、官營埤圳組合令和水利組合令。1920年，嘉南大圳開工時，總督府許可建立公共埤圳組合（官佃溪埤圳組合，1922年改稱為嘉南大圳組合）。1930年嘉南大圳完工後不久，其他地域的公共埤圳和官營埤圳均已改編組織，成為水利組合，但只嘉南大圳組合沒有改變公共埤圳的組織，1943年才轉型成為水利組合。此外，公共埤圳嘉南大圳組合在運營上，擁有議決機關的組合會。相較之下，其他水利組合只有諮詢機關的評議會。而且，雖然水利組合評議會員都是官選的，但是嘉南大圳組合會議員的構成員是除了一部分擁有100甲以上土地的地主（含製糖公司）以外，都是被農民選舉的當地人。因此，其四年一次開的改選會，也成為日本當局警戒台灣地方聯盟的活動。本研究利用當時相關資料，展現嘉南大圳組合會構成員的變遷與日本當局對於水利自治要求聲浪的對抗策略。目的是通過組合會當時地方菁英所發揮之水利自治的可能性和限制，對既有研究進行更進一步的深層探討。

關鍵字

日治時代 ； 水利 ； 嘉南大圳 ； 地方自治 ； 公共埤圳

並列摘要

Qing dynasty privates had invested and managed canals in Taiwan. It can say high autonomous irrigation system. But under Japan colonial rule, had it been kept high autonomous irrigation system? Colonial government ruled the public canal act (公共埤圳規則) ,the government established canal act (官設埤圳規則) and the irrigation association act (水利組合令). The public Chia-nan canal cooperative (公共埤圳嘉南大圳組合) had depended on the public canal act since 1920 to 1943. On the other hand, the other public canals and government established canals already changed its organizations to irrigation associations until 1933. About 10 years, the only Chia-nan irrigation canal had been the public canal. Each irrigation association only had the advisory body, no election, no voting rights. But the general assembly (組合会) of the Chia-nan canal cooperative had voting rights. The members of the general assembly were elected. Some members of the general assembly took part in The Taiwan Local Self-Government League (台湾地方自治聯盟). This study investigates transitions and actions of the members of the general assembly of the Public Chia-nan Canal Cooperative, in addition Japan rule ways to compete Taiwanese requirements of autonomous irrigation rights. According to these, we can seek abilities of autonomous irrigation system by local elites and its limits.

並列關鍵字

Japan colonial period ； water ； Chia-nan canal ； local self-government ； public canal