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清代明志書院初探
A Preliminary Study on Mingzhi Academy in Qing Dynasty
摘要
傳統中國的書院最早在唐代時，僅為皇家藏書之處，後來經過時間的演化，逐漸成為士人講學、修業之所。清代最初因為明末東林黨爭之禍，嚴禁各地設立書院，後逐步放寬禁令，對書院的設立從禁止、默許到獎勵。臺灣地區的書院就在這樣的時代背景下如雨後春筍般的出現。明志書院設立於乾隆二十八年（1763年），為「北臺第一書院」。最初位於興直堡新莊山腳（今新北市泰山區），由永定縣貢生胡焯猷將其舊孛捐出作為義學，將此義學命名為「明志」而來。並且以田地的每年收租所得，作為辦學之經費。明志書院身為大甲溪以北最早設立的書院，在許多方面的確也發揮其應有之功效。而在涵養文風、培育地方人才方面，明志書院更是箇中翹楚。除延聘許多知名學者為山長，使其主講外，這些書院的主事者，其人格學養常為地方表率。後來雖因政權轉移，後在日治時期而被拆除，但明志書院在歷史上有其貢獻，的確無愧「北臺第一書院」的稱號。
並列摘要
Traditional Chinese academies were first used in the Tang Dynasty as a place for royal collections. Later, with the evolution of time, they gradually became places for scholars to teach and study. In the Qing Dynasty, because of the party disputes in Dōnglín(東林黨爭) the late Ming Dynasty, it was strictly forbidden to set up academies in various places. Later, the ban was gradually relaxed. The academies in Taiwan have sprung up like mushrooms in the background of this era. Mingzhi Academy was established in the twenty-eighth year of Qianlong's reign (1763) as the ＂First Academy in North Taiwan＂. It was originally located at the foot of Xinzhuang Mountain in Xingzhibao (now Taishan District, New Taipei City). And the annual rental income of the land is used as the funding for running the school. As the earliest academy established north of Dajiaxi, Mingzhi Academy has indeed played its due role in many aspects. In terms of cultivating literary style and cultivating local talents, Mingzhi Academy is even more outstanding. In addition to hiring many well-known scholars to be the chiefs of the mountain, the principals of these academies often set a local example for their personalities. Although it was later demolished during the Japanese occupation due to the transfer of power, Mingzhi Academy has made its contribution in history and indeed deserves the title of ＂North Taiwan's No. 1 Academy＂.