- 期刊
臺灣生質柴油能源作物痲瘋樹產業發展現況
Jatropha curcas: Definite Energy Plants for Biodiesel Production in Taiwan and Its Latest Development of Industrial Cultivation
摘要
本研究以種子繁殖方式種植1,500株痲瘋樹，二年後即可結果生產種子。總共收獲3,394顆種子，總重為2,556g。種子和種仁之含油量分別為37.32和57.13%以上。而種子之最高油脂含量可達44%。因此本研究所栽培之痲瘋樹為生長快速、結果和產種子期短及種子含油量高之優良痲瘋樹品系。種子以體型區分為大、中及小三種，其平均體積分別為1.83、1.53及1.24 cm^3。平均重量分別為0.75、0.65及0.51 g。種仁平均重量分別為0.49、0.42及0.31 g。種仁所佔比率分別為65.33、64.62及60.78 %。體型中等種子有最高種子和種仁含油量及最低含水率，分別為38.52、59.68及5.61 %。而體型大和小種子則分別為37.32、57.68及6.25 %和37.89、57.13及7.07 %。大種子則有最高發芽率為84.5%、中種子82%次之、小種子80%最低。因此中種子為較佳製作生質柴油原料，而大種子則為痲瘋樹種子繁殖法之較佳種子。目前業界發展是以組織培養技術、生長快速及結實和含油脂量高之痲瘋樹優良品系挑選、栽種技術及採穗供應體系大量繁殖痲瘋樹及生產種子，以二年分成二階段方式進行優良品系大量栽培和造林產果。第一階段，以組織培養和扦插技術快速繁殖優良品系之苗木。第二階段，將苗木成功種植且快速生長，於一年內即可結果並採收種子，產量約為一般傳統種植法之2.5 - 3倍，且種子和種仁之油脂含量分別達到40和60%以上。此法可大量繁殖優良品系、縮短造林時間及快速結果和採收種子，為一可行之栽種方式。以每公頃栽種2,000 - 2,500株，總種植面積為10,000公頃，並加上生質柴油煉油廠和研發中心之產業規模進行成本估算，利用此法第一年約需經費397,514,000元，第二年則需354,268,000元。
並列摘要
There were 1,500 trees of Jatropha curcas germinated from seeds planted in this study and the fruits and seeds were capable to be produced after 2 years cultivation. Total numbers of harvested seeds were 3,394 and their weights were 2,556g. The oil contents in seeds and cotyledons were above 37.32 and 57.13%, respectively; and the maximal oil content among harvested seeds could reach 44%. Therefore, J. curcas used for cultivation was a superior strain which could grow faster, shorter period of fruiting and seeding, and higher oil contents than other massively-planted strains in biofuel industry. The harvest seeds were grouped into large, middle, and small types by their volumes. The average volumes of large, middle, and small seeds were 1.83, 1.53 and 1.24 cm^3, respectively; the average weights were 0.75、0.65 and 0.51 g, respectively; the average weights of cotyledons were 0.49, 0.42 and 0.31 g, respectively; and the ratios o f cotyledons to seeds were 65.33, 64.62 and 60.78%, respectively. The middle seeds possessed the highest oil contents in seeds and cotyledons and the lowest water contents and the values were 38.52, 59.68 and 5.61%, respectively; while, the values of large and small seeds were 37.32, 57.68 and 6.25% and 37.89, 57.13 and 7.07%, respectively. The large seeds showed the highest germination rates 84%, followed by the middle seeds (82%), and the small seeds were the lowest (80%). Therefore, the middle seed was the major resource for biodiesel production; however, the large seed was for proliferation. At present development in industry, J. curcas trees and seeds are massively produced with techniques of clonal propagation by tissue culture, selection of superior strains that can grow fast and generate abandon fruits and seeds with high oil contents, and cutting supplement systems; and by two phases with in two years, the afforestation and production of fruits and seeds were put into practice. In the first year (i.e., the first phase), the superior nursery stocks were proliferated on large scale by cloned propagation and cuttage technique; and they were replanted and grew fast with professional cultivated techniques and managements; and then, afforestation and seed production were approached within one year during the second year (i.e., the second phase) and the yield was 2.5 - 3 fold comparing one by traditional cultivation, and oil contents in seeds and cotyledons could reach above 40 and 60 %, respectively. Therefore, the method is a practicable cultivated manner for proliferating superior strains in quantity, shortening the period of foresting, fruiting, and seed reaping. The evaluating costs in the first and second years were $ 397,514,000 NT and $ 354,268,000 NT dollars to execut the method in 10,000 hectare, respectively.