《老子》論「兵」

On ＂Military＂ in Laozi

雷國宏(Lei, Kuo-Hung)

《世新中文研究集刊》 17期 (2021/07) Pp. 61-94+96

摘要

春秋、戰國是中國歷史上文化、思想發展最輝煌的時代，亦是爭戰殺伐不斷的年代。面對當權者的貪婪，百姓苦於應對無止境的戰爭，當代的先哲們是如何看待「兵」？《老子》全書「兵」字共出現十餘次，次數雖然不多，但老子作為身處於春秋時期的思想大家，對於攸關百姓生命、生活、生存之「兵」事問題，有何特出深入的思考，以及對侯王的諍言。本文擬透過對《老子》傳世本與出土文本不同版本之間的文獻對勘與詮釋的爬梳，論證其「兵」字引申的意義與用法，置重點於體會《老子》表述的時代意義與思想精髓，再從《老子》柔弱、不爭、知足、虛靜的論說，來體驗老子親身觀察當時社會紛亂，所提出無為之治的建議。

關鍵字

老子 ； 無為 ； 不以兵強天下 ； 兵者不祥之器 ； 虛靜

並列摘要

＂The Spring and Autumn Period＂ and ＂the Warring States Period＂ are the most glorious times of cultural and ideological development in China's history, and they are also the times of constant wars and wars. Faced with the greed of those in power and the people suffering from endless wars, how did the sages view the ＂military＂? Although the word of ＂Military＂ appeared more than ten times in Laozi. Laozi, as a contemporary thinker, should think deeply about the issue of ＂military＂ which is related to people's life, life and survival, as well as his advice to the king. This paper starts with the study of the word of ＂Military＂, but not only focuses on the viewpoints of military science and military books, but also focuses on the understanding of the time significance and ideological essence expressed in Laozi. Laozi is a comprehensive experience of the sages and sages of the predecessors and Laozi's personal observation of the social chaos at that time. It is based on the compassion for all things and the proposal of the bright road and the rule of inaction.

並列關鍵字

Laozi ； Inaction ； It will not assert his mastery in the kingdom by force of arms ； Those sharp weapons are instruments of evil omen ； Vacancy and stillness