評估社會支持藝術團體方案介入男性老人人際互動成效之研究

The Effects of Art Group Work of Social Support on Senior Interaction for Elderly Male

許禎容 ； 黃秀雲 ； 陳忠宏 ； 黃家玉

《社會工作實務與研究學刊》 4期 (2017/06) Pp. 31+33+35-57

https://doi.org/10.6690/JSWPR.2017.4.2

摘要

臺灣人口結構已步向高齡化，對老人而言，身體機能的衰退老化與社會角色的轉變與消失，容易使其人際互動機會減少，與社會失去連結，進而影響身心健康。團體能提供老人社會參與機會，並促進人際互動，且藝術活動能帶給老人多元的正面影響(包含失智、情緒、人際互動等方面)，然而國內少有對男性老人使用藝術治療之研究，且甚少有研究以80歲以上老人為實施對象，故本研究設計並實施「社會支持藝術治療團體」介入方案，以了解藝術治療團體工作對於提升成員人際互動之影響。本研究以某榮家參與社會支持藝術團體工作的男性老人為對象，團體成員多為新入住具情緒問題的老人，採單案設計方法，來檢視團體工作方案介入男性老人人際互動之成效，並分析運用團體動力能否促進老人之人際互動。研究結果顯示：(1)量化評估結果，經運用團體動力介入後，每位成員的參與情形皆有持續進步，在團體後期約三成六的成員近乎達到滿分21分，其餘成員也有不同幅度的進步；(2)質性評鑑觀察紀錄分析結果，團體成員、團體工作人員角色、團體互動模式、團體氣氛和團體凝聚力皆有所改善；(3)GDS-15評估結果，共4位成員之GDS-15分數有下降，佔參與團體達四次以上之成員的36.36%，顯示部分成員在團體介入後，其憂鬱傾向有降低；(4)評估方案本身，能達成部分方案目標，方案主題與媒材多元，內容能引起成員興趣，且能提供成員表達自我與抒發情緒的機會，促進成員持續自願參與。最後依據研究結果提出研究限制及建議，以供實務工作者作為規劃老人活動方案之參考。

關鍵字

社會參與 ； 人際互動 ； 藝術團體 ； 男性老人團體

並列摘要

For elders, the degeneration of physical function and the elimination of social role will cause some bad effect on their health. Also, art activities can bring several positive influences (in terms of dementia, emotion, participation etc). However, there are few studies on the use of art therapy for male elders in our country, and rarely researches subject in elderly male who are over 80 years old. Therefore, we designed a ＂social support art therapy group＂ to figure out how an art therapy group work impacts on promoting group members' own human interaction. The research targets in this study are the elderly male who joined the art therapy group work in a veterans home. Most of group members were either new residents or the elderly who had emotional issues. This study used one case design of time series design as the methodological tool to examine the effects of group work intervention on human interaction for elderly male. The study analyzed the effects of group dynamics in promoting their interaction. This research found that: (1) According to the result of quantitative analysis, the participation of each group member had raised since group work intervened the curriculum. In the end of the group work, 36% of members got 21 in their score of participation, the full credit. The others also had different degree of improvement. (2) In the consequence of qualitative analysis, there are improvements in many parts, including group members, the role of group workers, the way of group interaction, group atmosphere and group cohesiveness. (3) In the consequence of GDS-15 analysis, 4(account for 36.36% of all members who attended group over 4 times) members' scores got low. It shows that a part of members' depression tendencies got lower after the group interaction. (4) The themes and the materials of program were multivariate, which promoted members to participate the group. Moreover, it provided opportunities let members can express themselves and vent their emotions. It achieved a part of the program goals. The last part of this study are suggestions and limitations, which based on the consequence of this study.

並列關鍵字

social participation ； human interaction ； art therapy group ； elderly male group

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