疫情下的貧困兒少家庭生活調查與福利服務使用情形探討

我國於2021年新冠肺炎（COVID-19）疫情進入三級警戒，民眾生活深受影響，亦加劇身處貧困的兒少家庭生活困境。為了解貧困兒少家庭受疫情影響及服務使用情形，本研究以量化方式，透過網路問卷針對貧困家長蒐集資料，共回收1,703份問卷；進一步進行質性資料分析，檢視疫情期間兒少生活分享文件，從兒少視角了解其對服務的想法。本研究發現貧困兒少家庭於疫情期間在經濟層面、生理層面、兒少學習、心理健康、家庭關係、社會支持等面向受影響比例落在50%～86%之間，以經濟層面受影響比例（85.7%）最高。進一步分析發現，家長職業在經濟層面、生理層面、心理健康、家庭關係及社會支持面向呈現顯著差異，以從事臨時工、商業及服務業者受影響較大；多子女家庭在經濟、家庭關係、兒少學習方面呈現顯著影響；單親家庭在生活照顧安排及經濟層面受到顯著影響；低收家庭在兒少學習方面受顯著影響，而特殊境遇家庭則在經濟上受到顯著影響。服務使用方面，經分析兒少生活分享文件內容，發現兒少對服務持正向觀點，認為疫情期間的服務能及時滿足其生活及學習需求。最後，針對貧困兒少實務工作提出建議，包括「發展疫情期間生活需求檢視清單」、「發展貧困家庭因應風險的資源網絡及能力」、「減少貧困家庭數位落差，持續發展數位服務」。

關鍵字

COVID-19疫情；貧困兒少家庭；家庭生活調查；數位服務；疫情危機因應服務計畫

並列摘要

The COVID-19 pandemic has spread throughout the world. All people have been affected, resulting in an economic impact. Impoverished families with children who were more affected in terms of economic. This study examines situations of impoverished children and families affected in the COVID-19 pandemic, and discusses the use of services. This study adopts both quantitative and qualitative research method, collecting data on parents of impoverished families through internet questionnaire and reviewing the documents shared by children to understand their thoughts on services. This study found during the epidemic, the proportion of impoverished families with children who were affected in terms of economic, physiological, children's education, mental health, family relationships, and social support are between 50% and 86%, the highest proportion is affected at the economic aspect. In addition, when the occupation are different, and the impact of the epidemic is significantly. Furthermore, families with many children、single-parent、low-income and living in poverty are also affected more obviously in some aspects. In terms of service usage, after analyzing the content of documents shared by children, it was found that children hold positive views on the service, and believe that the service during the epidemic can meet their living and learning needs in time. Accordingly, this study has suggestions on service of impoverished children and families, including "develop a checklist for living needs during the epidemic", "develop the resource network and capacity of impoverished families to cope with risks" and "reduce the digital divide and develop digital services continuously".

並列關鍵字

COVID-19 pandemic ； impoverished children and families ； family life survey ； digital service ； pandemics risk response plan

參考文獻

張鈺欣（2021）。探究新冠肺炎第一波疫情對經濟不利家庭之衝擊—以某協會經濟不利家庭之消費教育團體為例。臺北：臺灣師範大學社會工作學研究所碩士論文。

陳杏容、陳易甫（2019）。早期家庭經濟劣勢與成年初顯期發展成果之潛在剖析分析與其影響因子。中華心理衛生學刊，32(1)，89-118。

Chen, K.M.(2020).Subjective poverty, deprivation, and the subjective well-being of children and young people: A multilevel growth curve analysis in Taiwan. Children and Youth Service Review,114,105045. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.childyouth.2020.105045

Elmer, T., Mepham, K., & Stadtfeld, C. (2020). Students under lockdown: Comparisons of students’ social networks and mental health before and during the COVID-19 crisis in Switzerland. PloS One, 15(7), e0236337. https://doi. org/10.1371/journal.pone.0236337

Fernandez,E.,Zeira,A.,Vecchiato,T.& Canali,C.(2015). Reducing poverty and investing in children and families. In E.Fernandez et al.(Eds),Theoretical and empirical insights into child and family poverty.(pp.303-312).Dordrecht: Springer.

主題瀏覽