「異托邦」視角下之鄉村信仰性公共空間研究－以仙遊縣樟林村為例

Research on Rural Belief Public Space from the Perspective of ＂Heterotopia＂-Take Zhanglin Village in Xianyou County as an example

鄭志強(Zhi-Qiang Zheng) ； 周融駿(Rung-Jiun Chou) ； 鄭志偉(Zhi-Wei Zheng)

《造園景觀學報》 24卷1期 (2020/03) Pp. 41-59

摘要

在中國大陸傳統的鄉村社會中，民間信仰是鄉村治理及構建鄉村社會秩序的重要媒介，宮廟、祠堂等既是開展民間信仰活動的場所，又是村民們日常生活中娛樂、交往的公共空間。在福建等東南沿海傳統鄉村中存在著大量的宮、廟、祠堂等信仰性空間。這些空間與當地村民的日常生活息息相關，是鄉村社會中宗教、祭祀、教育及娛樂等活動的重要場域。傳統鄉村中的歷史文脈透過信仰性空間得以傳承，信仰性公共空間也因此成為了構建鄉村地方感的重要物質載體。然而，在經濟快速發展的時代背景下，鄉村信仰性公共空間日漸衰落。鄉村信仰性公共空間是鄉村社會活動及產生社會關聯的重要場域，其保護與傳承成為了鄉村振興的重要面向。為了深入瞭解鄉村信仰性公共空間的空間功能、性質，及其空間中蘊含的豐富的意涵。本研究以具體鄉村為案例，以空間型構法則（space syntax）與非參與式觀察、深入訪談相結合的方式對其進行深入剖析。透過空間型構分析，研究表明村落中的信仰性公共空間具有較強可及性與公共性；經過進一步的研究分析顯示：（1）鄉村信仰性公共空間具有Foucault「異托邦」之特徵，是現實社會空間的有效補充。（2）鄉村信仰性公共空間具有領域限制，其領域限制性影響到了現實社會中村民的日常生活及行為。（3）鄉村信仰性公共空間具有政治性，它是鄉村社會治理的重要媒介，權力透過它對村民進行治理與規訓。（4）鄉村信仰性公共空間的衰落，表明了傳統鄉村社會結構和社會關聯的逐漸瓦解。

關鍵字

異托邦 ； 民間信仰 ； 鄉村公共空間

並列摘要

In the traditional rural society of mainland China, folk belief is an important medium for villages to take care of themselves and build a rural social order. Palaces, temples and other temples are not only places for carrying out folk belief activities, but also public spaces for daily entertainment and communication among villagers in their daily lives. There are a lot of belief spaces in palaces, temples, ancestral halls and other traditional villages in southeast coastal areas such as Fujian. These spaces are closely related to the daily life of local villagers and are important venues for religious, sacrificial, educational and entertainment activities in rural society. The historical context in traditional villages can be inherited through the belief space, and the belief public space has therefore become an important material carrier for the construction of rural sense of place. However, in the era of rapid economic development, rural belief public spaces are gradually declining. Rural belief public space is an important field of rural social activities and social connection, and its protection and inheritance have become an important aspect of rural revitalization. In order to gain a deeper understanding of the spatial function and nature of rural public spaces of belief, and the rich meanings contained in the spaces. This study takes a specific village as an example, combining space syntax with non-participative observation and in-depth interviews to conduct an in-depth analysis. Through spatial configuration analysis, the research shows that the belief public space in the village has strong accessibility and publicity; after further research and analysis, it is shown that: (1) rural belief public space has Zhu Fuke's ＂different state＂ Features are an effective complement to the real social space. (2) The rural belief public space has domain restrictions, and the domain restrictions affect the daily life and behavior of villagers in real society. (3) The rural religious public space is political, it is an important medium for rural social governance, and power is used to govern and discipline villagers through it. (4) The decline of rural belief public spaces indicates the gradual disintegration of traditional rural social structures and social connections.

並列關鍵字

Heterotopia ； folk belief ； rural public space

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