環境感知危險的影響因子之再檢視－情境與環境隱匿之關係探討

在景觀偏好相關研究中，感知危險是十分重要的議題。而在影響感知危險的因子，又以Appleton（1975）所提出的眺望（prospect）與藏匿（refuge）和Nasar後續發展的隱匿（concealment）與囹圄（entrapment）最具代表。Nasar定義隱匿為，為罪犯提供之藏匿處，一般多將其視為與藏匿一樣是種環境特性。然而就其定義而言，當受測者不認為此處具有罪犯時，測驗出的隱匿便可能與實質情況有所差異。因此本研究重新檢驗隱匿的形成條件，並探討具攻擊意圖事物的存在對環境感知危險與隱匿兩者的影響，以及隱匿及情境對環境感知危險的影響。研究結果顯示情境對隱匿的評價造成影響，並進而影響感知危險。此外情境對感知危險的影響受隱匿完全中介，當兩者同時存在時，情境對感知危險的影響將被隱匿完全解釋。由本次研究可知，隱匿受到環境物理條件及心理評價共同影響，因此後續研究須注意受測者心理評價的一致性或對其進行控制。

關鍵字

環境感知危險；隱匿；情境

並列摘要

Environment perceived danger is one of important issue in the landscape preference. The most representative factors affecting environment perceived danger are prospect, refuge, entrapment and concealment. Nasar defined concealment as the places supply criminals with hiding, and it generally regarded as an environmental characteristic. However, according to the definition of concealment, when the subjects do not believe the existence of criminals, them the result of the test may be different from the actual situation. Therefore, the aim of this research is to review the conditions for the formation of concealment, and explore the impact of the existence of object with attacking intentions on both perceived danger and concealment, as well as the influence of concealment and scenarios on perceived danger. The results showed that scenarios affected concealment, which in turn affected perceived danger. In addition, the effects of scenarios on perceived danger were mediated by concealment. When both of scenarios and concealment existed in regression model, the effects of scenarios on perceived danger would be completely explained by concealment. Therefore, it can be deduced that concealment is affected by psychological evaluation and physical conditions. Therefore, in the future, the research about concealment must pay attention to the consistency of the psychological evaluation of the subject or control it.