“求同”与“辨异”：明清第三代基督教徒张星曜的思想与信仰初探

Integration and Division: On the Third Generation of Catholic ZHANG Xingyao’s Thought and Faith during Late Ming and Early Qing

肖清和(XIAO Qinghe)

《比較經學》 1期 (2013/01) Pp. 39-84

摘要

第三代信徒张星曜使用“求同”、“辨异”的诠释策略，在明清汉语神学建构上贡献良多。本文在相关研究成果及初步分析张星曜著作的基础上，对张星曜的生平事迹及其思想与信仰展开论述。首先简介张星曜的生平事迹，并根据最新的资料对张星曜的家族世袭、著作、人际网络等进行补充；其次根据新近发现的张星曜的著作《天教明辨》及《历代通鉴纪事本末补后编》，对张星曜的思想与信仰进行较为全面的探析，最后指出张星曜企图以儒家正统自居，并以此作为批判佛道之合法性，实际上是为其转向基督教、信仰外来宗教提供理由。

關鍵字

张星曜 ； 《天教明辨》 ； 《历代通鉴纪事本末补后编》 ； 辟佛老

並列摘要

ZHANG Xingyao, a third generation Catholic during the late Ming and early Qing dynasties, made a significant contribution to the construction of theology by using the hermeneutical strategy of integration (with Ancient Confucianism) and division (from Buddhism, Taoism and Neo Confucianism). This article attempts to explore ZHANG Xingyao's thought and faith based on the relevant resources, especially his own writings. Firstly, on the basis of the newest materials, the paper briefly introduces the life of Zhang, and makes comments on his family background, writings, and social network. Then it analyzes his main thought and faith according to his recently discovered books Tian jiao ming bian (Clearly Distinguishing the Heavenly Teaching [from Heterodoxy]) and Li dai tong jian ji shi ben mo bu hou bian (Supplements to the History of the Comprehensive Mirror Topically Arranged). In conclusion, the paper points out that Zhang's refutation of Buddhism and Taoism as an orthodox Confucian actually supplies a reason for his conversion to the foreign religion of Christianity.

並列關鍵字

ZHANG Xingyao (1633-1715) ； Tian jiao ming bian (Clearly Distinguishing the Heavenly Teaching [from Heterodoxy]) ； Li dai tong jian ji shi ben mo bu hou bian (Supplements to the History of the Comprehensive Mirror Topically Arranged) ； Refuting Buddhism and Taosim