有关起信论成立的几点问题

Several Issues Concerning the Formation of The Awakening of Faith Sutra

石吉岩(Seok Gilam)

《比較經學》 3期 (2014/01) Pp. 109-142

摘要

在本论文当中主要是探讨了与《起信论》的成立相关联的如下三个问题。第一，在《起信论》当中以众生心为基准，提出了作为众生心的本来层面的“真如”与现象层面的“生灭”。对于《起信论》的这一结构问题，重点是怎样理解这个“众生心”。一般是将其理解为如来藏缘起说，但是本文首先揭示了这种理解所存在的问题，然后探讨了将《起信论》的众生心解释为瑜伽行派的三性说的可能性。第二，《起信论》用语的特征。笔者指出，《起信论》的撰述者在真如门与生灭门当中对于‘如来藏’有着不同的表述方式。而且，《起信论》当中的阿梨耶识并不是通常被认知的“真妄和合识”，而只是限定于瑜伽行派阿梨耶识概念中的执着的意义。《起信论》原文中完全没有使用南北朝末期佛教思想史当中的重要概念之一的“佛性”。第三，《楞伽经》与《起信论》的关系问题，即《起信论》与《楞伽经》的思维是否一致的问题。通过一系列的探讨，笔者认为《起信论》与《楞伽经》在思想上是不一致的。由此，解释《起信论》的时候重视《楞伽经》的传统，可能也不是《起信论》自身的立场，而是《起信论》注释书的立场。最后，本文探讨了日本学界所主张的“起信论北地成立说”，即《起信论》成立于菩提流支或者以菩提流支为高峰的地论宗的周边的观点。由此，又探讨了《起信论》传入并由真谛翻译的可能性。

關鍵字

起信论 ； 楞伽经 ； 如来藏缘起 ； 如来藏 ； 阿梨耶识

並列摘要

This paper examines three issues related to the problem of the formation of the Awakening of Faith Sutra. The first issue concerns the structure of the Sutra. By putting ＂the mind of Sattva＂ (众生心) as a standard, the structure of the Sutra established both thatā, the original aspect, and utpāda-bhaṅga, the phenomenal aspect, of ＂the mind of Sattva＂. The crucial point is how to understand ＂the mind of Sattva＂. It is usually understood as Causation by Tathāgatagarbha. But the paper argues that such way of understanding is improper and investigates the possibilities of whether ＂the mind of Sattva＂ in the Sutra can be understood as paratantra-svabhāva of Yogācāra's trisvabhava theory (三性说). Secondly, the paper investigates the use of terminology in the Sutra. The writer points out that the compiler of the Sutra inscribed the word tathāgatagarbha differently in the area of thatā and in the area of utpāda-bhaṅga. Also, the writer clarifies that the meaning of ālayavijñāna in the Sutra, usually known as combining consciousness (真妄和合识), is limited to the meaning of attachment in the concept of ālayavijñāna of Yogācāra. Moreover, he indicates that in the history of Buddhism during the late Southern and Northern Dynasties, one of the important concept terms ＂the nature of Buddha＂ was never used in the text of the Sutra. The third issue concerns the relationship between the Laṅkāvatāra Sūtra and the Sutra and whether the thought of the two documents are the same. Through a series of observations, the writer concludes that the thought of the two documents do not agree in ideology. As such, the traditional practice of interpreting the Awakening of Faith Sutra in light of the tradition of the Laṅkāvatāra Sūtra is not the viewpoint of the aforementioned Sutra, but the standpoint of the commentaries on the Awakening of Faith Sutra. Finally, the paper investigates the theory of the Japanese academy that the Awakening of Faith Sutra originated in the north, i.e. it might have been established among the Bodhiruci or Dilun School that puts Bodhiruci as a fixed point. Also, the paper examines the possibilities of transmission of the translation of Paramārtha.

並列關鍵字

The Awakening of Faith in the Great Vehicle ； Laṅkāvatāra Sūtra ； Theory of Causation by Tathāgatagarbha ； Tathāgatagarbha ； ālayavijñāna ； the nature of Buddha ； Dilun School ； Paramārtha ； Bodhiruci