Since the Late Ming dynasty, the spread of Christianity in China has resulted in in-depth dialogues and communication between Chinese and western culture. The correlative aspects include theory of God, cosmology, theory of human nature and hamartiology. The dialogues have been continued to modem time. Confucian response to Christian hamartiology has gone through the debate on Christian hamartiology between Christian Confucians and anti-Christian Confucians during the Late Ming dynasty. During Ming and Qing dynasty, Confucians started to probe hamartiology in Confucian traditions. Based on the recognition of sin consciousness in western democratic traditions, modem scholars found the dim consciousness in traditional Confucian ideology. And the New Confucians have realized dim consciousness in Confucian traditions which matches with moral consciousness from the aspects of life experiences and religious spirits through the comparison of Confucianism with Christianity. They hope to cultivate the feeling of mercy, to encourage the ambition of moral cultivation, to make recognition of all humanistic values and to initiate new Chinese cultural traditions while experiencing the fate of suffering and sharing sins together with their nation by the way of recognition and awareness on the fantasy, alienation, addiction and degradation of lives.