超越論視域中的單義與分離－從鄧斯．司各脫到列維納斯

The Univocity and Separation in Transcendental Horizon: From Duns Scotus to Emmanuel Levinas

陳剛(CHEN Gang)

《道風：基督教文化評論》 52期 (2020/01) Pp. 352-384

摘要

無資料

關鍵字

單義論 ； 分離 ； 超越論 ； 鄧斯．司各脫 ； 列維納斯

並列摘要

This article introduces the similar efforts of John Dun Scotus and Emmanuel Levinas in maintaining the transcendence of God. The univocity of Scotus does not threaten transcendence as traditionally believed. On the contrary, the analogy theory originated from the ancient Greek tradition presupposes a grasp of the integrity and inevitability of the world. The univocity of Scotus distinguishes the univocal concept and modality from the ＂similarity＂ of the analogy theory, and puts it into a set of ontological and epistemological schemes. The univocal being, as an intrinsic activity, transcends the ten categories of Aristotle and brings with it a transcendental horizon. In this vision, the disjunction attributes and the will structure of synchronic contingency together constitute the contingency and contractive immanence. The separation between immanence and ultimate unity interrupts the inevitable connection between ancient Greece's real being (＂onto-＂) and semantic world (＂-logy＂), and cuts off the ascending path to rational ultimate reality. As history repeated itself, the Gnostic shadow of the revival of the ascending path in the later philosophy of Martin Heidegger has inspired the efforts of Levinas to defend the transcendence in his Separation phenomenology. He has replaced the ＂ecstasies＂ time horizon of Heidegger with his existential instant which means constantly restarting, to break Heidegger's ＂exister＂ and the ascending path to nihility. Both Levinas and Scotus have achieved real transcendence in the self-limitation, contraction and fragmentation of immanence. They have formed a distinct negative theological tradition at both ends of the history of transcendental philosophy.

並列關鍵字

Univocity ； Separation ； Transcendental ； Duns Scotus ； Emmanuel Levinas