苦難與病疾—生存危機視閾下的神義論思考

作為對個體與社群慣常生活的「打斷」，苦難與病疾挑戰着人的存有，逼其正視人生的危境，並像約伯一樣問出「為甚麼」的問題。神義論正是回答此問題的一種有神論嘗試。本文提出，傳統神義論雖在思辨論戰方面有獨到意義，卻易於將惡的問題簡化為理性融貫系統，忽略其生存論張力。通過對傳統「更大的善」神義論的闡釋與批判，本文指出相較於抽象思辨的神哲學論證，神學視野下的苦難敘事以別具一格的方式言說意義的在場，將受苦者的主觀生存體驗帶入對惡之問題的討論中，能更有效地達至神義論的最終目的—回應苦難所引發的意義危機。為論證這一觀點，文章以十架神學對上帝之隱匿與臨在的雙重強調為稜鏡，分析漢語神學處境中兩個關於疾病的苦難敘事（史鐵生和楊牧谷）。文章提出，如此的苦難敘事突破了傳統神義論重思辨、輕經驗的藩籬，為漢語神學界關於苦難和疾病的言說加增了新的視角。

關鍵字

神義論；惡的問題；意義；苦難敘事

並列摘要

Suffering and sickness challenge human beings, thrusting them into the realm of death and finitude, forcing them to face the dangers of life and, like Job, to ask the question ＂why＂. Theodicy is one theistic attempt to answer this question. This article argues that although traditional theodicy has its significance, it tends to simplify the problem of evil into a coherent, rational system and thus ignore the existential dynamics of suffering. This article shows that narratives of suffering give a better response to the problem of evil than the so-called ＂greater good＂ theodicies. To demonstrate this point of view, it analyzes Tiesheng Shi and Arnold Yeung's narratives of suffering in the Chinese theological context through the lens of the theology of the cross. It concludes that Shi and Yeung's narratives reconstruct meaning in existential crisis and break through the barriers of traditional theodicies that emphasize speculation over experience, therefore adding a new dimension to the discourse of suffering and sickness in Chinese theology.

並列關鍵字

Theodicy ； Meaning ； God's Hiddenness and Presence ； Narrative of Suffering

國際替代計量

苦難與病疾—生存危機視閾下的神義論思考

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