從嬰兒的依戀到對上帝的信任－從社會心理發展的視角審視個體宗教性發生和發展過程背後的信任因素及其後果

通過介紹發展心理學中的依戀理論，分析個體對上帝的信任建立與早期不安全感的克服、與父母依戀關係建立之間的聯繫，從跨學科路徑重新理解個體宗教性發生與發展的信任因素及其後果。通過介紹心理學依戀理論的發展及基於經驗的研究範式中的重要發現，評述宗教心理發生與發展的理論和研究局限，從依戀與人際信任之間的關係分析信仰者－信仰對象信任過程建立背後的依戀動因，從「依戀風格－信任－關係建立」的整合框架提出信仰者－信仰對象之間的依戀與信任對個體宗教性發生發展的作用。最後採用跨學科視角解讀《詩篇》中個體與上帝之間的信任關係。

關鍵字

信仰者－信仰對象的信任；不安全感；親密關係；依戀風格；宗教心理

並列摘要

This study firstly examines the possible relationship between the trust relationship one built with one's parents during early childhood and one's belief in God; and then further discusses any constraints human-human trust has on establishing the human-God association. Attachment theory is based on the empirical research paradigm, and treats this evolution theory as the research foundation of child-parent trust relationships with its socio-emotional correlates underlying the individual developmental process. This article aims to reveal how the development of the trust relationship one has with God is associated with one's experience in coping with one's lack of feeling secure, and one's building attachment relationships during early childhood. Four aspects are studied. Firstly, the theories of God-belief formation and their limitations are summarized. A discussion of the relationship between attachment and trust in adult intimate relationships follows. Next, the cognitive mechanisms underlying the human-God trust processes are examined. And lastly, a proposal of studying human-God and human-human trust from a research framework is given. In conclusion, trust is treated as a mediator for the role of attachment style in relationship building.

並列關鍵字

Human-God Trust ； Insecurity ； Intimate Relationship ； Attachment Style ； Psychology of Religion

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