- 期刊
臺灣地區非營利幼兒園的政策效果與侷限
Effects and Limitations of the Non-Profit Preschool Policy in Taiwan
摘要
臺灣學前教育市場近來有著很大變革，其中最明顯的當屬非營利幼兒園的設立。該政策目標除了要讓家長免於負擔沉重托育與教育費用壓力，使幼兒得到優質教保服務之外，更欲藉此政策讓教保服務人員的薪資與權益獲得保障。但該政策效果如何？既有研究成果相當有限。本研究以學者專家、教保服務人員與其他政策利害關係人為對象，運用質性訪談，進行上述議題的探究。研究顯示非營利幼兒園政策整體成效不差，教保收費明顯降低，減輕家庭育兒負擔，教保品質提升，教保人員待遇也有更合理的保障。惟此政策仍有不少侷限，包括管控機制過於繁瑣、政策規定限制彈性、壓縮經營利潤而不利競爭；經營者以求得更多利潤為優先，教保優質並非首要考量；另外好理念之經營者難尋，濫竽充數也就無法避免。日後非營利幼兒園政策要能真正發揮效果，應避免理念不正確或不單純的經營者入主；而針對績優的幼兒園，可以減少評鑑考核次數，適當鬆綁經營空間，避免過度制式化，加速回應現場教保需求；更重要的是非營利幼兒園政策的作業與機制，許多民間參與者沒有確切瞭解，顯示後續對此政策宣導強化的必要性。
並列摘要
Taiwan's preschool education market has recently undergone significant changes-the most apparent of which is the establishment of non-profit preschools. The objectives of this policy include saving parents from the burden of heavy childcare and education costs, enabling young children to receive high-quality education and childcare services, and ensuring the salaries, rights, and interests of education and childcare service providers. Meanwhile, this merits an equally important question: How effective is the policy? Thus, with limited existing research findings, this study explored the above-mentioned issues through qualitative interviews with scholars, experts, education and childcare service providers, and other policy stakeholders. Based on the findings, the non-profit preschool policy has a relatively fair overall result. In particular, the fees for education and childcare services are significantly reduced; the childcare burden for families is decreased; the quality of education and childcare services is improved; the benefits of education and childcare service providers are reasonably ensured. However, this policy still has many limitations, including its complex control mechanism and limited flexibility. While limited flexibility reduces operators' profits, it is also disadvantageous when operators give priority to gaining more profits at the expense of high-quality education and childcare services. As it is difficult to find operators with good business ideas, encountering bad operators is inevitable. For the non-profit preschool policy to be effective in the future, operators with erroneous ideas or false motivations should be avoided. The number of evaluations can be reduced for preschools with excellent performance. On the other hand, the operation norms can be loosened to avoid excessive formalization and rapidly respond to parents' educational and childcare demands. Noteworthily, many private participants do not have a thorough understanding of the operations and mechanisms of the non-profit preschool policy. Hence, it is necessary to strengthen the promotion of this policy in the future.