莊子「三言」與「道」之傳達

The Three Words of Zhuang Zi and The Conveying of Dao

林凱(Lin, Kai)

《成大中文學報》 75期 (2021/12) Pp. 1-31

摘要

《莊子》論道，其核心是那些神秘的「直接論道」話語，但它往往「嵌入」某種「話語結構」進行言說。後者由具有強烈之作者自覺的「三言」形式構成。所謂「寓言」，並非通常之「借事喻理」，而是強調借「他者之口」去說出「直接論道」話語，其意義保持在話語之內。「重言」也僅是「借重」而非「重複」，主要虛構對歷史名人的借重去說作者自己的話。而所謂「卮言」，作為一種圓轉的、張力性的言說，不應泛化理解，它特指那些「明知故犯」、「似有還無」的「弔詭」之言。「三言」的「話語結構」隱含著莊子對讀者「經驗和邏輯」質疑的自覺回應，有助消解讀者的固執和偏見，改造讀者心靈，實現基本的閱讀指引，使那些神秘的「直接論道」得以更好傳達。

關鍵字

莊子 ； 寓言 ； 重言 ； 卮言 ； 弔詭

並列摘要

Dao discussion in Zhuang Zi is the core discourse from the mysterious words of 'Direct Discourse of Dao,' and often 'Embedded' in a certain 'Discourse Structure' to express. The latter consists of a strong authorial consciousness in the form of the 'Three Words.' The so-called 'Lodged Word' is not the usual 'Metaphor' but emphasizes the 'Direct Discourse of Dao' through the 'Mouth of Others,' remain its meaning within the discourse. The 'Weighted Word' is also a mere 'Rely' rather than a 'Repetition,' it mainly a fictional rely on historical figures to express the author's own words. The 'Goblet Word,' as a kind of circular and tense speech, should not be understood in a generalized sense, but refers specifically to 'Paradoxical' words that are 'Knowingly' and 'Seemingly.' The 'Discourse Structure' of the 'Three Words' implies Zhuang Zi's conscious response to the reader's 'Empirical and Logical' doubts, which helps to dispel the reader's obstinate and prejudice, transform reader's mind, realize the basic reading guidelines, and to enable the mysterious 'Direct Discourses of Dao' to be better conveyed.

並列關鍵字

Zhuangzi ； Lodged Word ； Weighted Word ； Goblet Word ； Paradox

參考文獻

晉‧郭象注，唐‧成玄英疏：《莊子注疏》，北京：中華書局，2011。[Jin] Guo Xiang & [Tang] Chen Xuan Ying, Zhuang Zi Zhu Shu [A Note and a Commentary of Zhuangzi] (Beijing: Zhonghua Book Company, 2011).

宋‧林希逸：《莊子鬳齋口義》，北京：中華書局，1997。

明‧王夫之：《莊子解》，北京：中華書局，1964。 [Ming] Wang Fu Zhi, Zhuang Zi Jie [A Commentary of Zhuangzi] (Beijing: ZhonghuaBook Company, 1964).

明‧釋德清：《莊子內篇注》，上海：華東師範大學出版社，2009。

清‧王先謙：《莊子集解》，上海：上海書店，1986。