建立犯罪被害資料庫之研究

我國犯罪學與刑事司法研究多側重於犯罪行為人的分析，雖然國內警察、法務、司法、衛福等政府機關基於其業管範圍，擁有被害資料，但是，資料分散且片斷，缺乏一個統整的單位。本研究透過文獻探討、深度訪談、以及焦點團體座談等方式，檢視目前被害資料現況，提出跨機關官方統計資料串連與匯整之建議與可能性，目的為探討在法務部司法官學院犯罪防治研究中心建立犯罪被害資料庫之可行性與具體作法，並協助建議建立被害資料庫之所需資料欄位類別，以便將來可以依據本研究之建議蒐集資料欄位。本報告分為六章：研究背景、研究架構與方法、國外犯罪被害相關資料庫與調查研究、我國現行犯罪被害資料檢視、我國未來犯罪被害資料庫建置芻議、以及結論與建議。第一章的背景說明我國目前犯罪被害資料多依機關運用考量而設計和蒐集，且缺乏資料產出的詳細說明，可能導致被誤用等問題。第二章介紹研究架構與方法。第三章依序介紹聯合國、歐盟、美國、英國、和澳大利亞的犯罪被害相關資料庫，雖然政府官方統計與調查統計並存，但是被害議題研究多仰賴調查資料，官方統計僅作為保守被害狀況的呈現。第四章藉由訪談政府機關實務人員和國內資料搜尋等方式檢視目前我國犯罪被害資料分布、執掌被害資料機關提供與擴大資料的態度、簡介臺灣被害調查、和被害資料可能的運用方式。第五章則是依據專家學者座談和國外資料比較等方式提供未來犯罪被害資料庫建置的芻議，串連各機關的被害資料必須對於其定義、蒐集過程、和管理運用狀況熟悉，機關間須有互信、互惠基礎，不然則必須要有法制規定，而資料應擴充包含被害人的需求及政府服務的狀況等資料，協助政府政策的改善。第六章整理研究結論與被害資料整合建議，原則上，本報告建議被害資料庫建置應該至少分成五階段規劃與執行：建立國內被害基本資訊入口網路平台、擴充資訊平台資料、建立互動式資料功能、進行被害調查計畫、和整合型資料分析研究中心。

關鍵字

犯罪；被害；資料庫；資料運用

並列摘要

Studies of criminology and criminal justice in Taiwan tend to focus on the analysis of criminal behaviors. Even though government agencies such as the police, the prosecution, the judiciary, and the Ministry of Health and Welfare have victim data based on their business scope, these data are scattered and incomplete, lacking a unit to assimilate. Using data collected by literature review, in-depth interview, and focus groups, this study intends to inspect the current quality of victim data and provide suggestions and probable approaches for inter-agencies data link and consolidation. The purpose of this report is to explore the feasibility and specific practice for Academy for the Judiciary in establishing the database of crime victims, and to propose the essential variables for future database. This report is divided into six chapters: research background, methodology, international crime victim database and survey, current Taiwan victim data quality inspection, preliminary suggestions for future crime victim database establishment, and conclusion and suggestion. In Chapter 1, the background indicates that the current crime victim data is designed and collected according to the use of the authorities, and the lack of detailed description of the data output may lead to misuse. Chapter 2 introduces the methodology. In Chapter 3, we describe the crime victim database in the United Nations, the European Union, the United States, the United Kingdom and Australia. It is found that despites the co-existence of official statistics and crime victim survey, the former is merely served as a conservative display for victimization situation. In Chapter 4, through interviewing practitioners and searching domestic data, we investigate the distribution of Taiwan current crime victim data, the attitude of the authorities in providing and expanding victim data, Taiwan crime victim survey introduction, and the probable using methods of victim data. Chapter 5 provides preliminary suggestions for future crime victim database establishment. Based on the data collected from focus groups and foreign information, we deem that being familiarized with the data definition, collection process, management, and application is essential for inter-agencies data integration. Moreover, there must be mutual trust and reciprocity between agencies; otherwise, legal regulations must be formulated. The data should be expanded to include information on the needs of victims and the services provided by the government to assist the improvement of government polices. Chapter six summarizes conclusion and suggestions for victim data assimilation. Primarily, this report proposes five phases in victim database establishment: establish a domestic basic victim information portal network platform, expand the platform containing information, establish interactive data functions, execute victim survey projects, and organize an integrative center for data analysis and research.