受監護處分男性精神疾病犯罪者再犯分析

Recidivism Analysis of Male Offenders with Mental Illnesses under Criminal Commitment

林詩韻(Shih-Yun Lin) ； 黃聿斐(Yu-Fei Huang) ； 沈伯洋(Pao-Yang Shen)

《刑事政策與犯罪防治研究專刊》 25期 (2020/08) Pp. 183-243

https://doi.org/10.6460/CPCP.202008_(25).05

摘要

精神醫療機構承接精神疾病犯罪者處遇已有二十年，本研究對兩所不同區域精神醫療機構執行監護處分之男性精神疾病犯罪者進行分析，瞭解現行監護處分執行狀態及結束監護處分者是否再犯。檢視監護處分執行成效與困境，歸納男性精神病犯再犯預測因子，提出再犯預防及監護處分改善建議。回顧1999年1月1日至2014年6月30日間，於兩所精神醫療機構執行監護男性病犯之病歷，分析個人變項、精神疾病史、犯罪史、監護處分期間之治療、男性病犯監護處分期間行為表現、監護處分結束前之精神病症狀、監護處分結束三年內是否再次犯罪起訴，檢驗結束監護處分後再犯與無再犯者之差異。研究顯示男性精神疾病罪者結束監護時精神病症狀改善，結束監護處分三年內，半數受研究對象出現犯罪行為偵查起訴。診斷有思覺失調症者，結束監護處分再犯低，達統計上顯著差異。反社會性人格特質、成癮物質使用、監護期間接受之治療及結束監護時精神病症狀在結束監護三年內是否犯罪無差異。再犯相關因素包含年齡、竊盜罪、監護期間發生違規行為、違規行為週期小於90天者，在統計上達顯著差異。現行監護處分執行後，男性病犯再犯率與一般罪犯出監者相當。精神醫療機構執行監護處分以治療精神疾病為主，醫療機構執行監護可積極治療精神疾病與穩定症狀，但僅醫療機構處遇未顯示有犯罪矯治功能及降低犯罪性。建議監護期間評估違規行為及針對違規行為制定個別化治療。違規週期少於90天、有高違規傾向精神疾病犯罪者，設立司法精神病院或其他特殊處遇單位。規劃社區處遇協助復歸及降低再犯風險，提出刑法第87條第3項修法建議。

關鍵字

精神疾病犯罪 ； 監護處分 ； 再犯 ； 違規行為

並列摘要

This study attempted to understand the male offenders with mental illnesses under their criminal commitment procedure in two psychiatric hospitals which located in east and center Taiwan, and these patients' recidivism after released. The patients' medical records between January 1st 1999 and July 30th 2014 were reviewed. Those patients were tacked for 3 years after released from criminal commitment. The criminal charges were used as a proxy indicator of reoffending behavior. A total of 40 subjects received criminal commitment in two psychiatric institutions. They were mostly young adults, unmarried, with education below junior high school, low IQ and unemployed. Almost all patients showed improvement in psychiatric symptoms when they were released. Half of the patients were prosecuted for new offences within 3 years since released. The patients who had committed theft, violated the rules during the criminal commitment procedure, and short violation period (＜ 90 days) were more likely to recidivate than other patients. The results indicated that the psychiatric institutions were capable to treat the symptoms but unable to deal with the criminality. In order to reduce the recidivism rates, regular evaluating violation behaviors during the criminal commitment period, personalized treatment, forensic hospital and more resources were recommended. The suggestions for revising the related criminal law were provided.

並列關鍵字

Offenders with Mental Illnesses ； Criminal Commitment ； Recidivism ； Violation

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