COVID-19大流行對藥物濫用者身心的衝擊與影響

2019年12月底爆發新型冠狀病毒疾病（COVID-19）疫情以來，2020年2月1日在菲律賓出現第一起，在中國境外感染COVID-19死亡案例；3月疫情已蔓延至歐美大陸，歐盟及亞洲多國宣布封境，全境居家隔離，但毒病如入無人之地，多地淪陷成為重災區。世界衛生組織終於宣布進入「全球大流行」。對藥物濫用者而言，原本多屬弱勢群體，或是常無家可歸，經常面臨不穩定的衛生和健康狀況的困擾。因COVID-19的大流行，戒毒服務的量能大幅減少，加劇了復發的可能。除了讓患者取得藥品的方便性措施及提供心理支持之外，藥物濫用者比以往任何時候都更需要住房和社會服務。由於這些藥物濫用者中許多人就業不穩定，他們的工作中斷也可能導致不良後果，例如失去住房、三餐不繼，並最終導致惡性循環，增加復發風險。最後，COVID-19流行期間，採更靈活的服務提供模式，許多國家已經引進或擴大了遠端醫療服務，對藥物濫用者來說，這意味著衛生保健工作者現在可以通過電話提供諮詢或初步評估，並使用電子系統開具受管制物質處方。期望國外的替代方案能提供本土戒毒的參考，並提供國內對於藥物濫用者於疫情期間處遇的參考。

關鍵字

COVID-19 ；疫情；藥物濫用；毒品

並列摘要

Since the outbreak of the coronavirus disease (COVID-19) at the end of December 2019, the first case outside of China was discovered in the Philippines on February 1, 2020. In March, it spread across Europe and the United States, and the European Union and Asia announced a lockdown, with the World Health Organization declaring it a global pandemic. Prior to the pandemic, drug addicts were mostly disadvantaged or homeless, troubled with precarious hygiene and health conditions. As the COVID-19 pandemic has drastically reduced the availability of drug rehabilitation services, the risk of them falling into relapse has been exacerbated. In addition, several risks of the current pandemic to persons with substance use disorder are indirect. They arise from such factors as housing instability and incarceration, as well as reduced access to health care and recovery support services. A high percentage of individuals with substance use disorders experience homelessness, and vice versa. Among countless other difficulties and risks faced by those with housing instability, increased risk for disease transmission in homeless shelters is currently particularly relevant. COVID-19 has triggered innovation and adaptation in drug prevention and treatment services through more flexible models of service delivery. Several countries have introduced or expanded telemedicine services due to the pandemic, enabling healthcare workers to offer counselling or initial assessments over the telephone and electronic systems to prescribe controlled substances. Based on experiences of western countries, programs can be initiated to facilitate these communities in Taiwan during the pandemic.

並列關鍵字

COVID-19 ； Substance Abuse ； Drug Abuse

參考文獻

Alexander, G. C., Stoller, K. B., Haffajee, R. L. & Saloner, B. (2020). An Epidemic in the Midst of a Pandemic: Opioid Use Disorder and COVID-19. Annals of Internal Medicine, 173, 57-58. https://doi.org/10.7326/M20-1141

Chiappini, S., Guirguis, A., John, A., Corkery, J. A. & Schifano, F. (2020). COVID-19: The Hidden Impact on Mental Health and Drug Addiction. Front Psychiatry, 11, Article 767. https://doi.org:10.3389/fpsyt.2020.00767

Davis, C. S. & Samuels, E. A. (2020). Opioid Policy Changes During the COVID-19 Pandemic – and Beyond. Journal of Addiction Medicine, 14(4), e4-e5. https://doi.org/10.1097/ADM.0000000000000679

Dubey, M. J., Ghosh, R., Chatterjee, S., Biswas, P., Chatterjee, S. & Dubey, S. (2020). COVID-19 and Addiction. Diabetes & Metabolic Syndrome: Clinical Research & Reviews, 14, 817-823. https://doi.ogr/10.1016/j.dsx.2020.06.008

Glick, S. N., Prohaska, S. M., LaKosky, P. A., Juarez, A. M., Corcorran, M. A. & Des Jarlais, D. C. (2020). The Impact of COVID-19 on Syringe Services Programs in the United States. AIDS and Behavior, 24(9), 2466-2468. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10461-020-02886-2

國際替代計量

COVID-19大流行對藥物濫用者身心的衝擊與影響

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