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人工飼料防腐劑之改進對亞洲玉米螟生長發育之影響
EFFECT OF MOLD INHIBITOR COMBINATIONS ON GROWTH AND DEVELOPMENT OF THE ASIAN CORN BORER, OSTRINIA FURNACALIS
摘要
本研究利用不同防腐劑，調整其用量而成6組防腐劑組合，試驗其抑制飼料受汚染與防止幼蟲罹病之效果，同時觀察各組防腐劑對幼蟲生長發育及雌蟲產卵之影響。試驗結果以第3組防腐劑之防止飼料發霉及幼蟲罹病死亡效果最佳，但其對幼蟲生長發育及雌蟲產卵之不利影響亦最大，因平均幼蟲體重增加比其他各組慢而輕，雌蛾平均產卵量比其他各組少，平均成蟲壽命在各組中亦最短。第2組防腐劑抑制飼料受汚染效果良好，但防止幼蟲罹病死亡效果差。第5及第6組防腐劑防止幼蟲感病死亡效果佳，防除飼料汚染效果差。第4組防腐劑不但防止飼料發霉及幼蟲感病死亡之效果好，且其對幼蟲生長發育及雌蟲產卵之不利影響最少。幼蟲以第4組防腐劑調製成之飼料飼養，其平均體重增加比其他各組快而重、成蟲平均壽命長、雌蟲產卵量亦比其他各組多，幼蟲經飼養10、15及20天後平均體重分別為22.5 mg，84.4 mg及103.4 mg，老熟幼蟲平均化蛹率為96.3%，成蟲平均壽命為7.1天，產卵期平均為4.5天，雌蛾平均產卵量為9.0卵塊。第4組防腐劑之主要成分及在2.7公升飼料內之用量為：Methyl p-hydroxybenzoate 3.0g，Sorbic. acid 3.0g，Aureomycin 625.0mg，Propionic acid 12.0 ml，Formal dehyde 1.0 ml及Streptomycin 110.0 mg.幼蟲化蛹前在培養皿內放入瓦楞紙環（Corrugated paper strips）及吸管束（Bundle of straws）平均化蛹率各為93.1%及71.4%，比無處理分別提高40.8%及19.1%。成蟲產卵期間（Egg-laying period）檢查產卵箱尼絨網上每天噴水3次及不噴水之產卵箱上卵塊孵化率，前者為90.9%，後者為60.2%。
關鍵字
無資料並列摘要
The present study is to seek an optimal combination of mold inhibitors for effectively preventing meridic diets for rearing the Asian corn borer, Ostrinia furnacalis, from being contaminated and infected by microorganisms. The combination would have minimum adverse effect on larval growth and developmint, adult longevity and fecundity. Among six combinations tested, the fourth combination not only effectively preserved the diet from being contaminated but also completely protected the larvae from being infected. In addition, it also minimized the adverse effect on insect growth and development. The average weights of larvae reared on the diet with the fourth combination at the end of 10, 15 and 20 days were 22.5, 84.4 and 103.4mg respectively. The insects reared on the diet with the fourth combination had average pupation; 96.3%, longevity; 7.1 days, egg-laying period, 4.5 days, number of egg masses deposited per femal; 9.0. The constituted ingredients and their quantities in this combination for 2.7 liters of diet were as follows; methyl p-hydroxybenzoate 3.0 g, sorbic acid 3.0g, aureomycin 625.0 mg, propionic acid 12.0 ml, formaldehyde 1.0 ml and streptomycin 110.0 mg. Two treatments were undertaken by placing the corrugated paper strips and the bundle of straw inside the rearing plastic containers before pupation. The average pupation was 93.1% for the paper strips, 71.4% for the straws and 52.3% for the control. Watering on the screen of oviposition cage resulted in an increase in the hatchability. Average hatchability of watering was 90.9% while that of without watering was only 60.2%.