棉蚜之族羣增長及其溫度依變效應

POPULATION GROWTH AND TEMPERATURE-DEPENDENT EFFECT OF COTTON APHID, APHIS GROSSYPII GLOVER

劉玉章(Yu-Chang Liu) ； 彭仁君(Jen-Jiun Perng)

《中華昆蟲》 7卷2期 (1987/09) Pp. iv+95-111

https://doi.org/10.6660/TESFE.1987012

摘要

於16、21、25、27、28.5及30℃定溫下，試驗結果所得棉蚜生殖前期各期發育之最適溫度，與以二大迴歸方程式求得之最適溫度相符合，均爲27℃。以X-截距法（X- intercept method）求得各發育期之發育臨界低溫爲7.34℃。各定溫下之齡別存活率（l_x）皆可存活至成蟲期，溫度愈高壽命愈短，低溫可延緩其發育，增長壽命。齡別生殖率（m_x）高峯在各定溫下皆可維持10天，生殖期爲20〜25天，不適之高溫或低溫，可延長其生殖期。棉蚜於25℃定温及變溫下，於出生後第5天內進入生殖期，其齡別存活率於小幅變溫下降至83%，大幅變溫下降至70%，變溫不利於發育中羣體之存活。網室中72℃下之夏季變溫與定溫試驗結果相似，均具良好之發育增殖潛能，唯秋多冷季因温差教大，溫度變化不穩定，其變溫下之發育、存活及生殖，有異於定溫21℃者甚大，不利棉蚜族羣之發展，各族群介值（demographic statistics），以27℃時之內在增殖率（r = 0.541）及終極增殖率（λ = 1.718）爲最大，其平均世代時間（GT = 7.90天）、生殖前期（TTFR = 4.56天）及族羣增倍所需時間（DT = 1.28天）爲最短。室內高溫變溫與夏季室外變溫之生命表介量相近似，但室內低溫變溫與冷季室外變溫則有顯著之差異。棉蚜之族羣增長速率在25℃定溫下，初呈正值快速成長，至第10日達高密度時遂行緩和，增長趨勢呈r之指數指長，此時之幼齢個體佔族羣年齡分佈之絕大多數，於達高峯時，由於密度壓力及族羣之遷移分散，而使族羣大幅滑落，幼齡個體比例隨行減低，有翅個體顯著增加。

並列摘要

The population growth, population parameters and the temperature-dependent development of cotton aphid (Aphis gossypii Glover) were studied in the laboratory and screen house. Life table data were obtained at constant temperatures of 16°, 21°, 25°, 27°, 28.5° and 30℃. The low development threshold temperature for the prereproductive stages was 7.34℃, by X-intercept method. The optimum temperature for the development of immature stages was 27℃, obtained either from the experiment results at constant temperatures, or by binomial regression equations. The age-specific survival rate (ℓ_x) was high 70 days at low temperature (16℃), and 29 days at 30℃, the higher the temperature the shorter the longivity. The highest age-specific fecundity (m_x) sustained for about 10 days at various constant temperatures, while the reproductive stages lasted 20-25 days. The fluctuating temperatures always disadvantaged to the development of aphid population compared with the same condition at constant temperatures. The highest intrinsic rate of increase (r) and the finite rate of increase (λ) were found at 27℃, was 0.541 and 1.718, respectively. The mean generation time (GT), prepreproductive stage (TTFR) and the doubling time (DT) were the shortest also at 27℃, was 7.90, 4.56 and 1.28 days, respectively. Although the demographic statistics at high fluctuating temperatures (27°-30°-33°-30℃) were close to that in summer season condition, significant differences were observed between the low fluctuating temperatures (17°-20°-23°-20°C) and the cold season. The population growth rate increased rapidly in the beginning until reached the high density at the 10th day at constant 25℃, which is very close to the exponential growth by prediction. However, growth rate slowed down and declined sharply after reached the highest density might be influenced by the density dependent effect.