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蜜蜂對洋香瓜授粉及結果之影響
Effects of Honey Bees on Pollination and Fruit Set of Cantaloupe
摘要
本試驗於第一期作約一公頃秋香品種之洋香瓜(Cucumis melo reticulatus Naud.)田上進行，始花前二天搬四箱各有7巢片及約13,000隻成蜂之蜂群，放置於瓜田邊。用8目紗網罩住之洋香瓜結果率只有3.1%，無紗網罩之開放區則有83.0%的結果率。田間蜜蜂之每日活動出現頻率以上午9～11時為最高，佔全天活動總蜂數之67.2%。在上午9～10時間，每隻工蜂每分鐘可訪雄花6.0～6.2朵和完全花2.2～2.4朵。洋香瓜經網罩7天後，平均每棵所開之完全花和雄花及結果數皆顯著低於開放授粉者，網罩後第8天和第9天，雖然平均每棵完全花及雄花數和開放區無顯著差異，結果數(0.2個及1.4個)仍顯著低於開放區之3.4及4.3個；網罩14天後，平均每棵之結果數仍只有0.9±0.9個，開放區則有2.9±0.6個。經網罩7天及14天後之洋香瓜，予以開放讓蜜蜂授粉7天以上後，平均每棵結果數與開放區者無顯著差異，分別為2.7個和3.0個，但兩側枝之第一個果實所在節序，均往後延3至4節。每朵花被工蜂拜訪1，2和3次後之結果率分別為45%、69%和59%，被拜訪1次和2次所結果實之重量和含糖量無明顯差異。每個洋香瓜之含糖量分別與重量和成熟之種子數有顯著相關性(P＜0.001)，發育之種子數則顯著與瓜果之長寬比率及重量有相關(P＜0.05)。
並列摘要
Four honey bee colonies, each consisting of roughly 13,000 adult bees, were placed along the edge of a 1-ha cantaloupe field for pollination tests. A total of 83.0% of tagged hermaphrodite flowers set fruit in open plots, while only 3.1% did so in plots caged with 8-mesh mosquito net. Observations revealed that 67% of foraging bees visited flowers between 9 and 11 a.m., reaching a maximum at 10 a.m., Each worker bee visited an average of 6.1 staminate and 2.3 hermaphrodite flowers per minute between 9 and 10 a.m. The numbers of hermaphrodite and staminate flowers present did not significantly differ between open and net-caged plots over an 8-day period. However, the number of melons per plant in the caged plots over an 8-day period. However, the number of melons per plant in the caged plots (range: 0.2 to 1.4) was significantly less than that in the open plots (range: 3.0 to 3.4). After the 7-day net-caged or 1.4-day net-caged plots were reopened to honey bee pollination for 7 or 14 days, respectively, the number of melons per plant did not significantly differ from that in the open plots, while the 1st melons on branches of the caged plants in both tests were delayed 3 to 4 nodes. The percentages of fruit set of the hermaphrodite flowers with 1, 2 or 3 bee visits were 45%, 69%, and 59%, respectively. No differences between parameters of melon quality were found for hermaphrodite flowers with 1 and 2 visits. Positive correlations were obtained among melon sugar content, melon weight and numbers of developed seeds (P＜0.01), and also between melon shape and seeds (P＜0.05). However, sugar content did not significantly correlate with marketable melon shape.