- 期刊
- OpenAccess
熊蜂（Bombus terrestris L.）在網室番茄上之授粉效果評估
Evaluation of Pollination Efficiency of the bumblebee (Bombus terrestris L.) on Greenhouse Tomatoes
摘要
本試驗以熊蜂(Bombus terrestris L.)在網室栽培之番茄上進行授粉試驗，就番茄結果數、結果率、大小、重量與含糖量等項目，與噴生長素或機械振動授粉效果作評估比較。試驗中之網室屋頂為透明PE塑膠布，於4月中旬時，網室內溫度升高至約40℃，嚴重降低熊蜂授粉效果及縮短蜂群壽命，每箱使用時間只有30-40天;但於2月及12月較低溫時，使用時間為兩個月，較佳授粉效果出現在熊蜂引進後第25-40天之間，番茄花受訪率達60%以上。經熊蜂授粉所結果實之含糖量及重量，雖與噴生長素或振動授粉所結果實無顯著差異，然果實發育速率卻比噴生長素者快。在50mx50m番茄園中，熊蜂在距蜂箱40m內之訪花率，無顯著差異;且利用2箱熊蜂授粉，可完全取代人工授粉。
並列摘要
Pollination efficiency of the bumblebee, Bombus terrestris L., was studies in a plastic-topped greenhouse and was evaluated in terms of fruit set percentage, number of tomatoes yielded, and their size, sugar content, and weight. The temperature inside the greenhouse increased to 40℃ in mid-April dramatically reducing the pollination activity and colony longevity of bumblebees. The pollination efficiency of a colony lasted only 30-40 d in April, while during the cool season (December - February) it lasted for 2 mo with better effectiveness; over 60% if flowers were visited at 25-40 d after delivery of bees to the greenhouse. Although sugar contents and fruit weights of bumblebee-pollinated tomatoes were not significantly higher than those using hormone treatment or mechanical vibration, the rate of increase of fruit diameter in the bumblebee-pollinated treatment was faster than that of fruit of the hormone treatment. In a 50m×50m greenhouse, the percentages of visited flowers within 40m of the bee colony were not significantly different. The use of 2 colonies of bumbeblees in a 50m×50m greenhouse for tomato pollination during the cool season can completely replace other more laborious pollination methods for 2 mo.