幼蟲芽孢桿菌對蜜蜂的致病力

Pathogenicity of Bacillus larvae to Larvae of the Honeybee (Apis mellifera)

陳裕文(Yue-Wen Chen) ； 王重雄(Chung-Hsiung Wang) ； 何鎧光(Kai-Kuang Ho)

《中華昆蟲》 17卷1期 (1997/03) Pp. iii+23-32

https://doi.org/10.6660/TESFE.1997003

摘要

利用人工接種幼蟲芽孢桿菌(Bacillus larvae)孢子於1日齡工蜂幼蟲，發現幼蟲罹病率與死亡率並無季節性的差異，LD50及LD95分別為21個孢子與442個孢子，顯示病原孢子對此齡幼蟲有很高的致病力。罹病幼蟲進入封蓋期(capping stages)後才會呈現典型美洲幼蟲病(American foulbrood)的病徵，高劑量的感染會造成部分幼蟲(13.8%-23.3%)無法進入封蓋期。相對於1日齡幼蟲的高致病力，此病原孢子對2日齡幼蟲的致病方大為降低，接種高劑量孢子(4.5 ´ 104個孢子)只有37.2% ±3.4%的死亡率。幼蟲芽孢桿菌對3日齡幼蟲的致病力極低，接種同一劑量孢子仍無罹病蟲體的出現。

關鍵字

蜜蜂 ； 幼蟲芽孢桿菌 ； 美洲幼蟲病 ； 致病力

並列摘要

Pathogenicity of Bacillus larvae spores to 1-day-old larvae of the worker honeybee, Apis mellifera, in which season (15-20℃) was determined by experimental infection in Taiwan. Pooled data showed that LD_(50) and LD_(95) are 21 spores and 422 spores, respectively. The results revealed that 1-day-old larvae are highly susceptible to B. larvae. From the results of winter bioassay, 4 selected lethal doses, LD_(30), LD_(50), LD_(70), and LD_(95), were inoculated onto 1-day-old larvae the following early summer (25-30℃). The results showed no significant differences in pathogenicity between these 2 bioassays ran in different seasons. However, the mortality of 2-day-old larvae to B. larvae was much lower than that of 1-day-old larvae. The mortality of 2-day-old larvae was 37.2%±3.4% after 4.5×10^4 spores/larva inoculation, while 3-day-old larvae were not susceptible to this pathogen even at the same dose.

並列關鍵字

honeybee ； Bacillus larvae ； American foulbrood ； pathogenicity