Effect of animal manure on the survival and pathogenicity of the entomopathogenic nematode, Steinernema carpocapsae

動物有機肥對蟲生線蟲Steinernema carpocapsae存活及致病力之影響

蕭文鳳(Wen-Feng Hsiao) ； J. N. All

《中華昆蟲》 17卷1期 (1997/03) Pp. vi+53-65

https://doi.org/10.6660/TESFE.1997006

摘要

The impact of animal manure on the survival and pathogenicity of the entomopathogenic nematode, Steinernema carpocapsae (All strain) was investigated in laboratory and field tests. Poultry, swine, and beef cattle manure were inhibitory to S. carpocapsae as significantly lower numbers of nematodes were extracted from manure-amended soils on 4 sequential sampling dates following application. The total number of nematodes recovered from both coarse sandy loam and silty loam soils began to decline 21 d after application and no nematodes were found in soil samples of either treatment at 45 d. Nematode-induced mortality of manure larvae of the greater wax moth, Galleria mellonella, declined to 92% by day 21 and to 44% on day 45 in the non-amended group, as compared with 86% to 15%, respectively, for sandy loam containing poultry manure. In a test with larvae of the grape root borer, Vitacea polistiformis Harris, nematode-induced mortality was 100% for up to 21 d. In a field trial involving nematode amendment of soil in no-tillage and plow-tillage systems, only 0.3%-4% of the infective juveniles were alive after 1 h, probably due to the deleterious effect of sunlight and high temperature. There were no major differences in the 2 tillage systems.

關鍵字

Steinernema carpocapsae ； animal manure ； no-tillage ； plow-tillage ； Vitacea polsitiformis

並列摘要

本實驗在室內及田間同時進行探討動物有機肥對蟲生線蟲Steinernema carpocapsae 存活及致病之效應。將雞、豬、及肉牛等動物性有機肥添加於砂質壤土及砏質壤土後，由四次連續取樣的結果得知線蟲數顯著下降，故推知動物有機肥對蟲生線蟲有抑制作用。於添加有機肥的兩種土壤粹取線蟲，其總數至第21天皆開始下降。砂質壤土不添加有機肥組至第45天線蟲粹取數為零，添加有機肥組線蟲粹取數為5。砂質壤土不添加有機肥組對臘蛾(Galleria mellonella)的致死率於施用後第21天為92%，第45天則降至44%。添加有機肥組則由86%降至15%。在探討添加動物有機肥後對葡萄根蛀蟲Vitacea polistiformis Harris的致死效應時發現，處理第21天後仍能維持100%死亡率。田間實驗中，耕犛或不耕犛的系統中，線蟲於土中再粹取其回收率介於0.3%~4%之間，這可能是陽光及高溫所導致的結果，在隨後不同取樣時間所粹取的線蟲在處理間並無差異。

並列關鍵字

蟲生線蟲 ； 動物有機肥 ； 耕犛 ； 不耕犛 ； 葡萄根蛀蟲