斜紋夜蛾（鱗翅目：夜蛾科）核多角體病毒體內量產與防治效果評估

In vivo Mass Production and Control Efficacy of Spodoptera litura (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) Nucleopolyhedrovirus

段淑人(Shu-Jen Tuan) ； 陳文霖(Wen-Lin Chen) ； 高穗生(Suey-Sheng Kao)

《中華昆蟲》 18卷2期 (1998/06) Pp. iii+101-116

https://doi.org/10.6660/TESFE.1998009

摘要

斜紋夜蛾(Spodoptera litura)幼齡幼蟲對斜紋夜蛾核多角體病(Spodoptera litura nucleopolyhedrovirus, SpltNPV)之感受性很高，造成罹病幼蟲死亡率偏高，在短時間內幼蟲尚未生長，即己發病死亡，因此病毒在其體內增殖的條件受到很大的限制；且非典型病毒死亡的比例，又以二、三、四齡幼蟲遠高於五齡幼蟲，然而六齡幼蟲蟲體雖然很大，但相對的對病毒之感受性亦明顯下降。故擬以五齡初蛻幼蟲為病毒量產的蟲體，利用飼料混拌法接種病毒，在30℃培養七天後，全盤收獲進行冷凍乾燥，平均每隻幼蟲可生產1.4×10^9個病毒包涵體。病毒品管的方法除傳統之鏡檢法、及生物檢定法之外，蛋白質電泳分析法(SDS-PAGE)及酵素聯結免疫吸附檢定法(ELISA)亦可估算病毒之濃度及純度。定量分析上免疫法較電泳法為精確，同時可檢驗大量樣品，應為值得採用之方法。田間甘藍菜盆栽噴藥試驗顯示，施用該病毒可使田間幼蟲罹病死亡、降低害蟲棲群密度、減少作物受損面積。在卵塊即將孵化之際施用低濃度病毒可造成77.4%之幼蟲死亡率，其防治效果較卵塊初產之際的50.4%為佳。而施用高濃度(10^8 PIBs/ml)之病毒，可導致99.2%之幼蟲死亡率，並減少94.2%之葉片取食面積，故施用期應儘量接近卵孵化之際。對二齡幼蟲施用後一週，高濃度病毒防治斜紋夜蛾的效果甚至優於一般化學藥劑及蘇力菌製劑之防治效果。

關鍵字

斜紋夜蛾核多角體病毒 ； 大量生產 ； 酵素聯結免疫吸附檢定法 ； 蛋白質電泳分析法 ； 田間試驗

並列摘要

The Spodoptera litura larvae becameless susceptible to Spodoptera litura nucleopolyhedrovirus (SpltNPV) with increasing age using dietary inoculation. Neonates were the most susceptible, while the 6th-instar larvae were the least. Percentage of non-typical NPV infectionwas higher in 2nd-, 3rd-, and 4th-than in 5th-instarlarvae. Resultsalso show that the number of polyhedral inclusion bodies (PIBs) Produced was positively correlated with larvalweight from 3rd-instar to 5th-instar. It is suggested that SpItNPV is optimal for mass production with early 5th-instar larvae individually infected by diet-incorporation (an inoculum of 3×10^6 PIBs/ml diet) after incubating for 7 d at 30℃. The average yield was 1.4×10^9 PIBs/larva. Standardization and quality control of SpItNPV products can beachieved by visual counting, bioassay, SDS-PAGE, and ELISA. And, ELISA has proven to be better than SDS-PAGE; it is a sensitive and handy tool to quantify viral products. Spraying of SpItNPV on egg-masses can significantly induce larval mortality, and reduce larval densities and leaf area eaten on cabbage pods. Application of SpItNPV at a low concentration on egg-masses immediately before hatching resulted in 77.4% larval mortality compared with 50.4% on newly laid egg-masses. Applications of SpItNPV at high concentrations (10^8 PIBs/ ml) resulted in 99.2% larval mortality and 94.2% reduction of leafarea eaten. Therefore, viral application should coincide as closely as possible with egg-mass hatching. The control efficacy of SpItNPV with high concentrations was better than that with bifenthrin and Bacillus thuringiensis products I wk post application.

並列關鍵字

Spodoptera litura nucleopolyhedrovirus (SpItNPV) ； mass production ； Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA) ； SDS-PAGE ； field test