比利時的聯邦制度與族群政策

比利時是一個多元族群的國家。在比利時境內的各個族群，除了種族、語言不同之外，政治、經濟、文化上的主張也不相同。比利時可以劃分為四大語言區，並可劃分為法語、荷語及德語三個文化社群。過去，比利時的法語族群長期處於領導地位。近年來，為了促進族群和諧以及族群平等，比利時以聯邦制為基礎，重新建構出其新的族群政策。1993年，比利時透過修憲，將自治權授與社會不同利益的團體，被稱為「社會學上的聯邦制度」（sociological federalism）。比利時的族群政策有利於保存各族群的語言與文化，同時也有助於比利時參與國際政治和國際貿易。由於全球化的影響，使得傳統國界逐漸消失，因此，多種語言並存的特點，使得比利時未來在歐盟中可以扮演更重要的角色。比利時的族群政策建立在相互尊重的基礎上。由於各個族群彼此瞭解對方的文化、欣賞對方的文化，使得比利時成為一個和諧的多元文化社會。比利時多元族群的成功經驗，可以做為歐盟以及台灣制定族群政策的參考。

關鍵字

比利時；聯邦制度；族群政策

並列摘要

Belgium is amultiethniccountry. In Belgium, there are variousethnic groupswith linguistic, political, economic, and cultural differences. Belgium can be divided into four language areas, and can be divided into French, Dutch and German cultural communities. In the past, the French population has a dominant position in Belgium. But in recent years, Belgium re-construct its new ethnic policy on the basis of federal system, in order to establish ethnic harmony and ethnic equality. In 1993, Belgium grant autonomy to different ethnic groups through a constitutional amendment, namely the so-called ＂sociological federalism.＂ Belgium's ethnic policies are conducive to preservation of the languages and cultures of various ethnic groups, and also conducive to the Belgian participation in international politics and international trade. Belgium 'sethnic policy is established on the basis of mutual respect. Through mutual understanding and appreciation, Belgium becomes a harmonious multicultural society.

並列關鍵字

Belgium ； the federal system ； ethnic policy

參考文獻

Alen, André,Ergce, Rusen(1994).Federal Belgium After the Fourth State Reform of 1993.Brussels:Ministry of Foreign Affairs,External Trade and Development Cooperation.