女性主義與國際關係之研究

女性主義隨著婦女平權運動的浪潮，自十九世紀以來即在歐美蓬勃發展，在各個學術領域都有極為亮眼的成就，但在國際關係領域，卻遲至一九八○年代才開始嶄露頭角。長期以來，國際關係理論研究的重點都在於國際體系、國家利益、權力等「高階政治」的問題，將「個人」排除在研究範圍之外。而女性主義則以「性別」（Gender）的角度出發，從本體論與認識論上挑戰傳統國際關係的理論研究。在本體論上，女性主義回歸到「以人為本」，以社會關係為研究重點，平等納入男女兩性的觀點與角色，關注個人在社會中的認同與互動關係，以及對國家行為所造成的影響。而在認識論方面，女性主義更對國際關係理論既有的概念，如「國家利益」、「權力」、「無政府狀態」、「安全」等提出質疑與批判，反對有所謂的客觀事實存在，認為必須打破不公平的結構，建構合乎正義的知識體系，擴大知識的基礎。女性主義對傳統國際關係的研究途徑帶來新的衝擊，引進新的研究觀點，擴大研究議題，為國際關係理論架構的建立，作出了不容忽視的貢獻。

關鍵字

女性主義；性別；國際關係；國際安全

並列摘要

Based on the Women's Right Movement, the Feminism has spread the academia since 19^(th) century. However, in the field of International Relations, the voices of Feminists had rarely been heard before 1990s. In the past, the International Relations focus on the ＂High Politics＂, meaning the concepts of international system, national interest, power and security. On the contrast, the Feminists research from the perspective of ＂gender'. They challenge the ontology and epistemology of conventional International Relations. On ontology, Feminists focus on ＂human' and ＂social relations＂. They argue that International Relations should not neglect the impact of human relationship on states' behaviors. On epistemology, Feminists question the given concepts of International Relations, such as national Interest, power, anarchy and security. They think these concepts are gendered, and insist that a gender-equal knowledge system should be established. Feminism brings new approaches, new perspectives and new issues to the conventional International Relations studies. They do make undeniable contributions to the establishment of theory system in International Relations.