我國未來修憲三種制度草案試擬稿

我國從民國八十年起的修憲，初始固然解決了原憲法以全中國為格局之設計在運作上不當之部份，並授權以法律特別規定兩岸人民關係與事務處理，反映了兩岸分裂四十餘年的政治現實，另在國民經濟、社會生活等基本國策，亦頗為符合憲法適應性原則。然而，中央政府體制走向顯然未順應臨時條款廢止，迅即回歸原憲法設計之中，主政者滋意妄為行徑，國安會、國安局等「動員戡亂時期機構」在「程序修憲」中暗渡陳滄、總統公民直選、立法院生命線之「閣揆同意權刪除」、狗尾續貂毫無內閣制神髓之「倒閣權」‧‧‧一步一步地踐踏原憲法體制精神，嚴重損毀憲法原理原則，使得七次修憲後反成治絲益棼，整部憲法成為「四不像」。政客之危害，憲法殘破如拼裝車，處處支離破碎，俯拾皆有可議。將使未來修憲若非全盤檢討將無以為濟。本文將先梳理過去各次修憲對憲政法理之諸多破毀與嚴重失當，並為國內首次大膽針對「內閣制」、「總統制」、「半總統制」三種體制，一併提出三種版本之增修條文「修憲草案試擬稿」。此一具體實像必會引發諸多不同意見看法，然唯有如此，才真正可達「務實」之目標，力排「坐而論道」，走向「起而行動」階段，為國家建立累世之根基，使國人更能集思廣益而成就修憲工程。

關鍵字

憲政精神；修憲；內閣制；總統制；半總統制

並列摘要

The constitutional amendment in Taiwan since 1991 has initially solved the inappropriate part of the original constitutional design which comprised China as a whole. It authorized the special provisions for people's relations and affairs management across the Taiwan Strait, which reflected the political reality of the two sides split over than forty years. In addition, the basic national policy of the national economy, social life, etc., are also quite consistent with the principles of the Constitution adaptability. However, the central government system clearly did not immediately return to the original constitution designs right after the termination of the Temporary Provisions. Unfortunately, those in power have acted recklessly. Seven times of the constitutional amendments have trampled down the essence of the original spirit of the constitutional system, severely damaged the principle of constitutional principle. They were illustrated by the passages of the followings: the National Security Council, the National Security Bureau, direct presidential election, the improper right of confidence vote and the removal of the consent right of cabinet. Politicians have made the constitution broken and fragmented. Therefore, there is the need for a comprehensive review for the future constitutional amendment. This study will first sort out the spirit of the past seven constitutional amendments process, and the harms arose from each amendment. And it is for the first time in Taiwan to have a bold attempt to offer three versions of additional articles to ＂cabinet system＂, ＂presidential system＂, ＂semi-presidential system.＂ This will certainly lead to many different ideas and views. Only by so doing, it will reach the goal of being ＂pragmatic＂. Doing is better than saying. We hope to have more brainstorming and achieve sound and solid constitutional amendment.