基礎建設與經濟發展：從對外經濟援助到一帶一路倡議

Infrastructure and Economic Development: From Foreign Economic Assistance to One Belt One Road Initiative

顏筠展(Yen, Yun-Chan)

《發展與前瞻學報》 38期 (2022/12) Pp. 43-63

https://doi.org/10.6737/JDP.202212_(38).03

摘要

基礎建設的投資與興建，有助於推動與強化一個國家的經濟發展，然而第三世界國家由於基礎建設的匱乏，造成了該國經濟發展與成長的重大困境。為了要協助第三世界國家的經濟發展，中國大陸從1950年代開始的對外經濟援助，也提供了大量的基礎建設項目給這些國家。習近平在2013年所提出的一帶一路倡議中，最重要的議題也是基礎建設。因此，本文試圖了解中國大陸對外經濟援助的歷史發展經驗，與一帶一路倡議的形成與推動，是否有密切的關聯性？抑或一帶一路倡議是建立在對外經濟援助的基礎上？為此，本文將比較中國大陸的對外經濟援助和一帶一路倡議之差異，考量到兩者可以相互比較的項目眾多，是故本研究比較的重點將聚焦在：（一）兩者政經背景因素之差異；（二）兩者基礎建設提供動機之差異。因此，本文使用文獻分析法及比較法，希冀透過前述觀點之比較，除了可以發現中國大陸對外經濟援助之發展，與一帶一路倡議的形成與發展，兩者之間是否具有密切關聯性之外，更有助於瞭解一帶一路倡議的本質與主要政經特色，及其對第三世界國家的影響力。

關鍵字

基礎建設 ； 經濟發展 ； 經濟援助 ； 一帶一路

並列摘要

The investment and construction of infrastructure helps to promote and strengthen the economic development of a country. However, the lack of infrastructure in third world countries has caused a major dilemma for the country's economic development and growth. In order to assist the economic development of the third world countries, China's foreign economic aid since the 1950s has also provided a large number of infrastructure projects to these countries. In the Belt and Road Initiative proposed by Xi Jinping in 2013, the most important issue is infrastructure construction. Therefore, this article attempts to understand whether the historical development experience of mainland China's foreign economic aid is closely related to the formation and promotion of the Belt and Road Initiative. Or is the Belt and Road Initiative based on foreign economic aid? For this reason, this article will compare the differences between China's foreign economic aid and the Belt and Road Initiative. Considering that there are many projects that can be compared with each other, this study will focus on: 1.The political and economic background factors of the two. 2.The difference in motives for infrastructure provision between the two. Therefore, this article uses the method of literature analysis and comparison, hoping that through the comparison of the aforementioned viewpoints, in addition to discovering whether there is a close relationship between the development of China's foreign economic aid and the formation and development of the Belt and Road Initiative, It is more helpful to understand the nature and main political and economic characteristics of the Belt and Road Initiative, as well as its influence on third world countries.

並列關鍵字

Infrastructure Construction ； Economic Development ； Economic Aid ； One Belt One Road

參考文獻

Hideo Ohashi, "The Belt and Road Initiative in the context of China’s opening-up policy", Journal of Contemporary East Asia Studies, Vol.7, No.2, 2018, pp.97

Lauren A. Johnston, "The Belt and Road Initiative: What is in it for China?" , Asia & The Pacific Policy Studies, 2018, pp.42

林德昌，《海峽兩岸援外政策之比較研究》(台北：成文，1999)，頁 38-39。

George Yu, China and Tanzania：A Study in Cooperative Interaction (Berkeley：Center for Chinese Studies, University of California Press,1971)。

Law Yu Fai, Chinese Foreign Aid：Study of Its Nature and Goals with Particular Reference to the Foreign Policy and World View of the People’s Republic of China, 1950-1982(Saarbruchken：Verlag Breitenbach Publishers,1984)。