論哪吒與彼德潘－東西方文化裡的永恆兒童

The children of forever in East and West culture: Nezha v. s. Peter Pan

王蕙瑄(Wang, Hui-Hsuan)

《竹蜻蜓．兒少文學與文化》 3期 (2017/03) Pp. 193-221

https://doi.org/10.6738/bdclc.201703_(3).0006

摘要

西方的小飛俠彼得潘，是永遠長不大的兒童代表，他的形貌來源自兒童劇，卻充滿西方文化對頑皮兒童的想像，甚至化身為心理學的病徵之一。東方文學中長不大的男童首推哪吒。在臺灣，哪吒是民間信仰中重要的兒童神代表。他的形貌雖源於佛道兩教，其為眾人津津樂道的還是源於《封神榜》裡頑皮、英勇、叛逆的頑童形象。「永恆兒童」為何如此受歡迎？東西方的兒童形象是否展現不同文化的差異？本文將東西方著名的兩個兒童／頑童形象，分別舉《彼得潘》《封神演義》中之情節內容析論，並探究東西兩方文化意涵所形塑的兒童形象。

關鍵字

哪吒 ； 彼得潘 ； 兒童神 ； 兒童形象

並列摘要

In Western culture and society as a whole, ＂Peter Pan＂ is representative of the young boy never growing up. This image is originated from children's play; yet, it is resonant with the Western imagination of a naughty child, whose image has even become an archetype in modern-day psycho-analysis. In Eastern literature, the image of the boy forever young is ＂Nezha＂. In Taiwan, ＂Nezha＂ serves as an important god-like religious figure for ordinary people. Though the figure of ＂Nezha＂ is originated from Buddhism and Taoism, his image in The Legend of Deification - the naughty, rebellious and brave boy - has been passed down by words of mouth. Why is this image of a boy forever young so popular? When the Eastern and Western boy meet, do they reflect any significant culture differences? This paper aims to explore the ways the East and the West shape images of children by discussing two famous naughty boys in Eastern and Western literature - Peter Pan and ＂Nezha＂ - with detailed analysis of Peter Pan and The Legend of Deification.

並列關鍵字

Nezha ； Peter Pan ； naughty child ； images of children