中國兒童文學中的女性意識探微

馬力

《兒童文學學刊》 5期 (2001/05) Pp. 84-97

https://doi.org/10.6739/ttchl.200105_(5).0004

摘要

中國女性兒童文學即是女性作家創作的兒童文學中國女性兒童文學性意識的表現之一是母性。母性主要通過親子之愛和博及於無數人的擴大的母愛體現出來。它本為作了母親的女性所持有，但在一些女性、兒童形象身上亦有表現。中國女性兒童文學性意識表現之二是人性。在過去幾千年的歷史時期裡'中國女性一直處於奴隸地位，在女性身上人性與女性都被壓抑和打殺，只有奴性。二十世紀中國女性開始為女權和人權而奮鬥，但女權的本質正是人權，女性意識的核心也正是人性意識。倘若不表現人性意識，她們自身的性意識也無從得到表現。因此人性成了中國二十世紀，由奴隸向人轉變期的特殊女性意識的表現之一。中國女性兒童文學性意識的表現之三是女兒性。女兒性是未婚的女性少年兒童和青年特具的自然屬性與社會屬性的綜合表現。女兒性的表現最能展示女性特有的美。也只有在真正獲得了人權，並在精神上徹底衝破了封建枷鎖的女性身上才能充分顯示出來。從對女性兒童形象中母性意識的發現，到對她們身上人性意識的開掘，再到對中華女兒性的重塑顯示了中國女性兒童文學發展的歷程。母性意識的表現是它初始階段的特徵，嚴格說是屬於女子氣的表現；人性意識的表現則體現了女性兒童文學的進一步發展；女兒性的張揚標誌著女性兒童文學已經找到了應該著重表現的性主體意識，它意味著中國女性兒童文學成熟期的到來。中國女性兒童文學的興起，不僅豐富了中國女性兒童文學的內涵，也標誌著中國的兒童文學創作正衝破單一地注重表現兒童心理的極限，躍上一個內涵更為豐富、廣闊的發展階段。

關鍵字

兒童文學 ； 女性意識

並列摘要

Chinese Female Child Literature is the literature intended for children and written by female authors in China. The first feature of this literature in expressing its consciousness is to reflect the greatness of maternity. The maternity is mainly delivered by the affection that mothers show for their children and the caritas that is derived from mother love. This emotion is originally possessed merely by the women who give birth to children, however, it can also be embodied by the female teenagers. The second feature is the advocating of humanity. Over the past thousands of years of history, the women in China were always put in the inferior status as slaves. The humanity and maternity in women are oppressed and inhibited, and all that can be seen is servile. Whereas in the 20th century, women start to fight for women's right as well as human right. As a matter of fact, the nature of women's right is human right and the essential point of women's se lf-consciousness the consciousness of human nature. But for the latter part, their identity of being female could have hardly been recognized . As a result, humanity is one way of expressing women's special self-consciousness in the era of changing Chinese people from slaves to true man. The third express ion of Female Child literature is the ＂daughterly merit ＂. This feature, which is shared especially by the unmarried teenagers and adolescents, results from the natural and social factors. It best portrays the particular beauty of female. And this merit only belongs to those women who have the human rights and who entirely free themselves from the restrictions of the feudalism. The development of Female Child Literature has experienced the discovery of the consciousness of maternity. the consciousness of the humanity and the images of Chinese female teenagers with daughterly merit. Consciousness of maternity is the feature of initial stage. strictly speaking. is a son of daughterly merit; consciousness of humanity symbols the further step of this literature; and the advocating of the third feature symbols the essential sexual consciousness that should be addressed by this literature. It suggests the maturity of Chinese Female Child Literature. The arising of this literature not only enriches the connotation of Female Child Literature. but also indicates that Female Child Literature has derived from the single inditement which puts emphasis on the reflection of the limitation of children's psyche and is heading for an promising future with abundant inner attraction.