論范仲淹的政治主張與政治思想

On Fan Chung-yen's Politics And Political Thought

湯承業(Tang Cheng-Yeh)

《新亞學報》 11卷(下) (1975/09) Pp. 493-540+ap19

並列摘要

Fan Chung Yen was a typical loyal minister of the Sung Dynasty. Based on the international political situation of the period, he advocated policies for stabilising the state and bringing confidence to the people by militarily reinforcing Lo Yang, the capital, securing central China and filling out the borders. He also wished to reward military accomplishments, select good generals, improve morale, and train rank and file soldiers. At that time, the Liao state was more powerful than Hsia. Fan therefore inclined to the idea of stopping Liao politically and subduing. Hsia militarily thus placing as small as possible a burden on the resources of the country. In view of a long-term policy for lasting stabilisation, in addition to the sensible and feasible application of the practical political measures above, it was of paramount importance to set forth certain political principles. After continuous exploitation by powerful lords since Tang and the Five Dynasties, the people in the Sung period were rather desperate to start with, as was the social order of the time. Fan, therefore, advocated doctrines like respect for the sovereign and love for the people by the ruling class. Long tumultous warfare also brought destruction to the culture, lowering social and moral standards. In this respect, Fan hoped to develop the educational system, devise selective examinations and establish rule by law. In short, Fan's political ideas were that scholars should lead the populace, that education and culture should inform the whole political process. Only education could frame desirable social trends and only rule by law could upgrade politics. The above ideas constitute Fan's main political thoughts and doctrines.