施宜生詩與自我價值觀的轉變

Shi Yisheng's Poetry and His Transition of Self-worth

潘家宏(Pan Jia-hong)

《中國文學研究》 34期 (2012/07) Pp. 103-133

https://doi.org/10.29419/SICL.201207_(34).0004

摘要

本文主要探討金初漢官施宜生的詩作，並藉以考察其自身的心路歷程。對比在靖康之變後透過借才易代漸漸成形的金初文士中遭擄掠或扣押仕金的漢官，施宜生是少數的自南宋叛逃，主動投奔金國者，爾後施宜生更作為金使使宋，使宋期間，曾參與反宋起義的他卻又向宋廷洩漏金軍動向，如此錯綜複雜的心態轉折牽涉宋、金之間的價值焦慮，然而在正統觀的遮掩下卻少為人知。本文藉由觀察施氏於靖康之變後的詩作，嘗試提出一個有別於偏向南宋士大夫書寫的一個新的認知詮釋，作為進一步研究世變下的知識份子價值觀念的新方向。筆者依施宜生所面臨的重大抉擇劃出「南避」、「叛宋」、「使宋」等標的，透過對其自身文學話語的細讀與外圍史論背景的相互輝映探析其心理，並以此觀察靖康之變後大量南渡的中低層士紳，面臨欲出卻又無處可仕的焦慮下所作出的抉擇，揭示主動仕金的漢人士紳確立自我價值觀的心靈軌跡。

關鍵字

施宜生 ； 金初 ； 易代之際 ； 士不遇 ； 詩

並列摘要

This paper examines the view of self in Shi Yisheng's poetry, written while he was serving in the Jin court but a member of the Han race. In comparison with other Han officials that were forced to serve in the Jin court, Shi was part of a small minority that fled southern Song and voluntarily came to Jin. Through examining the connections and contrasts in the details of his life, criticism of him by traditional Confucians, and the themes found in his poetry, this paper shows him as an overturner of traditional Confucian morals who also ended up turning against Jin and aiding Song. This extreme and paradoxical about-face makes him a perfect historical figure to highlight the myriad of issues that arose during the Jin-Song period. His life is divided into three parts: fleeing south, turning against Song, and going to Song. Against this backdrop, themes in his poetry, such as unrealized ambitions, self-acceptance, and contradictory outlooks are used to discuss decisions made by mid to low level officials who fled south during the Jingkang Revolution and wanted to have an official post but had nowhere to serve. It shows the self-worth and psychological struggle of those Han who voluntarily served in the Jin court.

並列關鍵字

Shi Yisheng ； Jin dynasty ； change of dynasties ； unrealized aspirations ； poetry