觀看與實踐－視覺文化與吳明益小說中的觀看思維

作為新生代自然寫作的代表人物，吳明益以其特殊的生態視野開展出臺灣生態寫作的新面相。將其論述與小說文本對照，可發現吳明益作品中具有一種「複合全景式」的觀看原型，及「距離外觀看」的基本態度，本文以此切入，並結合吳明益與視覺文化密切的背景，觀察當代視覺文化對新生代寫作者造成的影響。本文基本上分成兩個部分，前面三節我們討論的重點主要是「觀看」的問題，我們將分析吳明益相對於早前臺灣自然寫作中展現的新視角，討論吳明益觀看世界的倫理觀，接著繫連吳明益小說文本中的一組觀看原型，揭示吳明益自然書寫中的觀看視角如何實踐在其小說創作中，而後以這組角色為基礎，延伸討論吳明益整體小說創作歷程中世界觀與真實觀的轉變。四五兩節我們會集中討論「實踐」，也就是媒體的問題，第四節從前述吳明益世界觀的調整出發，討論媒體怎麼影響我們這個世代，第五節則透過吳明益對於理想的媒體的討論，反省不同媒介中再現的實踐。

關鍵字

視覺文化；吳明益；自然寫作

並列摘要

As the leading representative of nature writing in Taiwan, Ming-Yi Wu developed a new style with his special natural view. When we compare his comments with his novels, we can find a special way of looking as ＂multi-panorama＂, and the basic attitude to ＂looking from distance＂. We will try to show this archetype way of Wu's work and discuss the affects of Modern Visual Culture to the writers in the new age. In the first three sections we will focus on the issue of ＂Looking＂. First we will analyze Wu's innovation of nature writing and reveal his ecological ethic. Second, we will connect a series of his novel's characters to show how he turned his ecological ethic to build an archetype way of looking. And then we will take this archetype to discuss how the world view and reality conception change in Wu's novels. In the last two sections we will focus on the issue of ＂Practices＂ which actually means ＂Media＂. In section four, we will starts from Wu's changes of world view, and take a review of the affection of modern visual culture. In the last section, we want to think about how different media makes different representation.