論江盈科《雪濤諧史》中的士大夫笑話寓言

本論文以《雪濤諧史》中的士大夫笑話寓言為焦點，分析其表現手法和寓意，及其如何展現出對於明代士風的反省。第一部分討論「士人」題材的笑話寓言，其主題有「不工文：士人才學的弱化」和「假道學：士人道德的消失」，反映出「真士夫」和「假道學」的辯證關係，「真士夫」為士大夫所追求的理想形象，但在現實中卻是「假道學」居多。第二部分則討論「官員」題材的笑話寓言，以「鑽刺：官員請託之弊」、「弄權：官員專政之惡」和「貪財：官員斂財之風」主題為中心，反映出「末世人心」的官員群像，反映出當時此類士大夫形象之普遍，而此乃笑話寓言的表層寓意著重諷刺的對象。另外，此類笑話寓言也側面反映出明代的官職制度、學術狀況和時代背景等，展現笑話寓言的中層寓意；而深層寓意則反映出人性中的弱點和優點，雖不乏關於追求名、利、權的人性描述，但仍有反省和反對權力無限擴張的正面人性。

關鍵字

雪濤諧史；士大夫；笑話寓言

並列摘要

In this paper, I analyze the performance and the meaning of the scandal of the literati jokes in The Harmonic History of Shei-Tao, and how to show the reflection of the morality of the Ming Dynasty. In the first part, I discuss the jokes of ＂scholars＂, and the theme is ＂not Good at writing: weakening talents of scholars＂ and ＂pedantic: the disappearing morality of scholars＂, reflecting the dialectical relationship of ＂true scholar＂ and ＂pedantic＂. The ＂true scholar＂ is the ideal image pursued by the literati, but it is the ＂pedantic＂ in reality. In the second part, I discuss the jokes of ＂officials＂, focus on the theme of ＂to lobby illegally: the abuse of officials request another's help＂, ＂to usurp power for personal motives: the power of the officials' dictatorship＂ and ＂to be greedy for money: the trend of officials seeking wealth greedily＂. Reflecting the image of the officials, the popularity of such scholars' image at the time, and this is the irony and allegorical implication of the object in joke fables on superficial. In addition, such joke fables also reflect the Ming Dynasty's official system on the other hand, academic status and background, etc., to show the middle meaning of joke fables; and deep meaning reflects the weaknesses and advantages of human nature. Although there is no lack of the description of pursuit of fame, benefit and power, there are still positive human nature about introspection and opposition to the power of infinite expansion.